温郁金根腐病生物药剂的筛选

[目的]筛选温郁金根腐病有效的生物药剂。[方法]采用生长速率法测定7种生物药剂对温郁金根腐病病原菌的室内毒力。[结果]0.5%施特灵氨基寡糖素AS和哈茨木霉菌WP对根腐病菌抑制作用较好,其EC50值分别为1.14和3.61 mg/L;其次为3%中生菌素、3%氨基寡糖素和荧光假单胞杆菌,EC50分别为11.64、13.52和16.61 mg/L。[结论]0.5%施特灵氨基寡糖素AS和哈茨木霉菌WP对温郁金根腐病菌具有较好的抑制作用,可进一步用于大田试验。     

姜黄酒炙前后多糖含量比较研究

[目的]比较姜黄酒炙前后多糖含量.[方法]采用苯酚-硫酸法测定姜黄酒炙前后多糖含量.[结果]葡萄糖质量浓度在10～70μg/ml时呈现良好的线性关系,平均回收率99.67％,RSD为1.33％;姜黄多糖的含量为酒炙品(1.38％)＞生品(0.68％).[结论]该方法简便、可行,可用于姜黄多糖成分的提取及含量测定.     

水杨酸和一氧化氮对姜黄生长及次生代谢产物的影响

以姜黄（Curcuma longa L.）组培苗为试材,在继代培养基中添加不同浓度水杨酸（SA）和硝普钠（SNP,NO供体）,研究SA和NO对姜黄生长、次生代谢和姜黄素类化合物含量的影响。试验结果表明：SA和NO均能调节姜黄的生长,促进姜黄次生代谢产物的生成;SA 10 μmol ? L-1或SNP 200 μmol ? L-1处理时,姜黄叶片叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和可溶性糖含量均达到最大值,姜黄生长处于最佳状态。SA和NO均能激活苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、肉桂酸–4–羟化酶（C4H）和4–香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶（4CL）活性,促进姜黄次生代谢途径中咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸的生成,提高双去甲氧基姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和姜黄素含量;因此,SA 10 μmol ? L-1或SNP 200 μmol ? L-1最有利于姜黄生长和次生代谢产物的合成。SA和NO对姜黄次生代谢生理调控具有浓度效应。     

Conservation and storage of Curcuma amada Roxb. synseeds on Luffa sponge matrix and RAPD analysis of the converted plantlets

Curcuma amada Roxb. (family Zingiberaceae), is gaining global attention as potential source of new drug molecule(s) as it is credited with compounds having remarkable pharmacological properties. Recognizing the risk of loss of genetic variability of C. amada in response to imprudent exploitation of the natural resources coupled with unsystematic cultivation practices, preservation of its genetic resources has attracted the current research attention. The present study exploited the multifarious properties of Luffa sponge (i.e. sound physical strength, stability in texture/shape over wide pH range and repeated autoclaving, cost effective availability, etc.) as a novel matrix for synthetic seed conservation. In this study, we have evaluated the consequences of the presence of two fungicides, namely - bavistin and rosebengal, in the gel matrix as well as in the Luffa sponge for conservation of contamination free germplasm of C. amada. A maximum of 50% and 75% regrowth could be recorded amongst rosebengal and bavistin containing synthetic seeds respectively after 4 weeks of plating on plant growth regulator-free MS medium. Further growth of the encapsulated microshoots was significantly impeded by the presence of rosebengal within the synthetic seeds. On the contrary, the bavistin containing synthetic seeds demonstrated five times better regeneration ability to contamination-free shoots. A total of 78% survival was achieved upon transfer of these healthy plantlets to glass-house. RAPD fingerprinting revealed 84.62% genetic similarity between randomly selected synthetic seed derived plantlets. This report strengthened the vital conservation approach of C. amada using inexpensive Luffa sponge as storage matrix and bavistin for eradication of contaminations.     

Antioxidative Status of a Nutrient Enriched Formulation of Perna viridis in a Time Series Shelf-Life Study

ABSTRACT

The freeze-dried concentrate of green mussel, Perna viridis, was added with naturally derived antioxidative oleoresins of rosemary and turmeric along with trace amounts of other natural additives to prepare different treatments and was subjected to accelerated shelf life study (50°C) to evaluate its oxidative stability. The total oxyradical scavenging activities of samples with higher concentrations of turmeric over rosemary demonstrated the prominent role of the turmeric extracts to arrest free radical chain reactions. Time dependent antioxidative status in relation to the nutritional compositions was evaluated to identify the oxidative changes for different treatments. The addition of natural additives with polyphenolic moieties in the treatments shielded the mussel’s unsaturated fatty acids against oxidation as evident by higher polyunsaturated fatty acids in the two treatments as compared to control after 90 days of accelerated shelf-life study. Higher n-3/n-6 ratios after 90 days’ storage were also observed in these treatments. A threshold level of combined turmeric (0.8 g/100 g) and rosemary (0.4 g/100 g) was sufficient for optimum antioxidant activity and to maintain nutritional composition of the green mussel extract at desired levels.     

姜黄提取物对水产动物病原菌的抑制作用

[目的]研究姜黄提取物对不同水产动物病原菌的抑制作用。[方法]采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和索氏提取法提取姜黄挥发油,采用80%乙醇浸提法制备姜黄素。利用滤纸片固相扩散法研究3种姜黄提取物对4种水产动物病原菌的抑菌活性;利用平板涂布法研究姜黄提取物对4种病原菌的的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。[结果]2种姜黄挥发油对4种水产动物病原菌具有抑菌活性,姜黄素对铜绿假单胞菌没有抑菌效果。姜黄挥发油的抑菌效果好于姜黄素,其中水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的姜黄挥发油抑菌效果最佳。3种提取物对嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、迟缓爱德华氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC分别为:水蒸汽蒸馏姜黄挥发油6.25、12.5、6.25、100.0 mg/m L;索氏提取姜黄挥发油25.0、12.5、25.0、100.0mg/m L;姜黄素25.0、50.0、50.0、200.0 mg/m L。[结论]姜黄提取物对水产动物主要病原菌具有抑制作用。     

温郁金弯孢霉叶枯病病原菌的药剂筛选

[目的]筛选合适的药剂控制温郁金弯孢霉叶枯病。[方法]选用5种农药,采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法对温郁金叶枯病病原菌进行室内筛选。[结果]80%代森锰锌WP对温郁金弯孢霉叶枯病防治效果最好;50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP次之;50%多菌灵WP、75%百菌清WP和70%甲基硫菌灵WP无抑菌效果。[结论]80%代森锰锌WP和50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP对弯孢霉叶枯病有明显的抑制作用。     

姜黄愈伤组织再生体系的建立

以姜黄无菌芽的芽基为外植体,进行愈伤组织的诱导和无菌苗再生的研究。结果表明:在MS培养基中添加2,4-D或2,4-D与6-BA的激素组合能够诱导外植体的切口部位产生愈伤组织,但愈伤生长缓慢;在2,4-D和6-BA的激素组合中再加入TDZ,愈伤组织能够不断增殖生长:在MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L BA+0.3mg/L 2,4-D培养基中,愈伤的诱导率和生长量最高,诱导率达到80%,每个月愈伤生长量为148.6mg;愈伤组织再分化出芽的适宜培养基为MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+2.0mg/L BA+0.2mg/L NAA,再分化率为90%,外植体的平均出芽数为5.1。当试管苗长至5cm时出瓶移栽,成活率可达90%以上。     

“十二五”期间药用植物温郁金中文科技文献计量分析

为全面了解"十二五"期间温郁金的发展状况,以中国期刊全文数据库为数据源,检索2011~2015年有关温郁金研究的全部文献,对文献年代、期刊、研究领域、研究机构、作者和地区分布等方面进行统计分析;并利用文献计量工具Ucinet和Net Draw对文献关键词共现网络进行计量分析。结果表明,2011~2014年温郁金研究处于平稳发展,2015年温郁金研究文献数量有所下降;期刊分布存在离散性和集中性并存的现象,研究的领域涉及到临床与药理、成分分析、种苗繁育与组织培养、栽培技术、药材与资源、加工与炮制等多个领域,已形成稳定的研究机构和团队。我国温郁金研究已取得显著的成果,但存在种质资源退化,种苗繁育、种植业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出等问题。预计组织培养、种苗繁育、栽培技术、药理研究及产品开发是温郁金未来研究的热点。     

Aromatic plant-derived essential oil: an alternative larvicide for mosquito control

Five aromatic plants, Carum carvi (caraway), Apium graveolens (celery), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Zanthoxylum limonella (mullilam) and Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) were selected for investigating larvicidal potential against mosquito vectors. Two laboratory-reared mosquito species, Anopheles dirus, the major malaria vector in Thailand, and Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in urban areas, were used. All of the volatile oils exerted significant larvicidal activity against the two mosquito species after 24-h exposure. Essential oil from mullilam was the most effective against the larvae of A. aegypti, while A. dirus larvae showed the highest susceptibility to zedoary oil.