柏木播种与嫁接育苗技术

总结了近年来柏木播种与嫁接育苗技术研究。采用播种育苗方式培育苗木,技术简单,成本低,适宜于大山造林;但实生苗开花结实晚,不能尽快满足森林工程造林用种需求,开展柏木嫁接育苗可提早开花结实年龄,为柏木良种选育提供性状稳定的育种材料。     

墨西哥柏幼苗生长和光合生理对氮沉降的响应

选取2年生墨西哥柏幼苗为试验对象,以NH4NO3为外加氮源,通过模拟氮沉降试验,研究其生长和光合生理对氮增加的响应.结果表明:幼苗在高氮水平处理下其生长不断受到抑制,而在中氮水平处理下,幼苗生长不断得到促进.随着施氮浓度增加,墨西哥柏幼苗的根质量和根长均降低,表明氮处理抑制根的生长,分配到根部分的生物量下降.幼苗的净光合速率呈现出随氮处理浓度增加而先增加后降低的趋势,即中氮组的净光合速率最高,而高氮组开始逐渐下降.幼苗的水分利用效率变化趋势与净光合速率一致.幼苗叶片光合色素含量随氮处理水平增加而增加.说明短期内中氮水平对幼苗生长和光合作用影响最显著,而高氮水平对幼苗光合色素影响最显著.     

石漠化区枫香、刺槐和柏木的抗逆性初步研究

于不同程度石漠化区的枫香、刺槐和柏木人工林中采集叶片为试材,通过比对3种植物叶片中叶绿素、SOD、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量的变化,对石漠化区3种植物抗逆性进行分析评价。结果表明:不同石漠化程度区对植物体内SOD含量的影响显著。在轻度石漠化区,柏木SOD含量最高,刺槐SOD含量最低;在中度石漠化区,柏木SOD含量最高,枫香SOD含量最低;在重度石漠化区,枫香SOD含量最高,刺槐SOD含量最低。刺槐叶片MDA含量与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关,而柏木叶片MDA含量与叶绿素含量则呈显著正相关。     

西藏巨柏种群天然更新与群落特征研究

巨柏(Cupressus gigantea)为雅鲁藏布江地区分布的特有种,属国家一级保护植物。本文通过在米林-朗县雅鲁藏布江河谷13个面积为1 000 m2的巨柏林样地调查资料,按照近河谷和远河谷山坡的地理分布差异,统计分析了巨柏的种群天然更新特征;通过对群落的组成与结构的分析,初步阐述了巨柏群落的物种组成和结构特征。结果表明,雅鲁藏布江巨柏的更新情况比较差,种群年龄结构不稳定,整体上呈现了明显的种群衰退现象。通过种群的年龄结构分析,反映出了巨柏种群的失衡事件主要发生在最近几十年内,即0.6 m高度10 cm树径范围。巨柏林内物种组成结构单一,乔木层为单一巨柏种,灌木层和草本层的优势种数较少。鉴于巨柏种群环境沙化影响加剧、天然更新能力下降等因素,种群的延续面临较大威胁,需进一步加强该种群的保护和研究。     

墨西哥柏优树自由授粉子代测定初报

对从四川省引进的52株墨西哥柏优树自由授粉种子子代进行了单点测定。结果表明：树高、胸径均大于群体平均值5％以上的共有9个家系，以20％的入选率，遗传增益分别为16.7%和41.4%；各家系的生长差异受遗传控制的同时，也受立地条件的影响；苗高与幼林树高存在一定的相关性。     

柏木叶精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱保留指数法和标准品叠加法分析了柏木叶精油的化学成分。从分离出来的164个成分中,初步鉴定出37个成分,其含量占总组成的97.58％。最主要的成分是:α-蒎烯45.89％,桧烯29.50％,月桂烯4.55％,松油醇-4(3.16％)等。     

Evaluation of soil fertility under different Cupressus chengiana forests using multivariate approach

The distribution and growing conditions of Cupressus chengiana forests along with the physical and chemical properties of soils in Northwest Sichuan were studied in 2002 to investigate the conditions and characteristics of soil fertility of C. chengiana and to compare and investigate differences of soil fertility for six C. chengiana populations and their relationships with vegetation, climate and disturbance. The results of the study at 0-20 cm soil depth showed that 1） significant differences （P〈0.05） existed among populations for soil bulk density, soil total porosity, capillary porosity, maximum water-holding capacity, capillary water-holding capacity and topsoil natural water content; 2） chemical characteristics of soil organic matter, total N, total P, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, available K and cation exchange capacity were significantly different among the populations; and 3） based on the significant effect of soil fertility factors on forest growth, soil physical and chemical characteristics could be selected as an integrated fertility index （IFI） for evaluation of different C. chengiana populations. Principal component and cluster analyses showed significant differences probably due to the difference of vegetation conditions, management measurements, human-induced disturbances and environmental factors. In order to protect the soil ecological functions in fragile ecological regions, C. chengiana could be used in programs enclosing the hill for natural afforestation, natural forest protection programs, and programs replacing agriculture with afforestation measures.     

Models for estimation of carbon sequestered by Cupressus lusitanica plantation stands at Wondo Genet,Ethiopia

This study compared models for estimating carbon sequestered aboveground in Cupressus lusitanica plantation stands at Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Ethiopia. Relationships of carbon storage with tree component and stand age were also investigated. Thirty trees of three different ages (5, 12 and 24 years), comprising 10 trees from each stand, were sampled in order to generate dry biomass and carbon data from tree components. Five linear and non-linear biomass and carbon models were compared and evaluated for estimation of overall aboveground carbon, carbon by age groups, and carbon by diameter at breast height (DBH) classes using performance indicator statistics. Among the models compared, a carbon model described by Y = b ₀ D ² H + ? (p-value < 0.001), where D = DBH (in cm), H = total height of the tree (in m), ? = error, and b ₀ is a parameter, was found to be the best model for estimation of carbon sequestered aboveground in C. lusitanica plantation stands of the study area. The study also indicated the overall superiority of carbon models over biomass models in estimation of aboveground carbon of C. lusitanica. It was concluded that, for the range of DBH utilised in the current study, the carbon model described can be a useful tool in estimation of carbon storage of C. lusitanica plantations in the study area and other related sites.     

间伐对川中丘陵区人工柏木林下天然更新的影响

以川中丘陵区"带状采伐+补阔"试验基地作为研究对象,调查其林下天然更新情况。结果表明:(1)采伐带、保留带天然更新的幼树幼苗明显高于对照样地(P<0.05)。10m、8 m、6 m、4m采伐带、保留带的天然更新幼树幼苗分别是对照的10.63倍、9.38倍、7.92倍、7.50倍和3.33倍、3.75倍、4.38倍、6.04倍。(2)采伐带、保留带、对照样地内的更新幼树幼苗的树高均显现为左偏单峰结构,且均以树高≤0.1m的幼苗数量最多。不同带宽采伐带和保留带内天然更新的幼树幼苗高度分级占比不尽相同。(3)所有处理下的天然更新的幼树幼苗均呈聚集状分布的状态,且聚集强度较大。(4)除柏木外,天然更新的树种种类多以香樟、香椿、乌桕等喜阳或半喜阳的为主。     

大渡河上游天然岷江柏木移植试验及种质资源保存

为寻找岷江柏木最佳的种质资源保存方式,以马尔康市天然起源岷江柏木为对象,从岷江柏木移植试验入手,结合已有的岷江柏木种质资源保存方法,进行了两方面研究:1)探讨了不同移植时间、不同树龄、不同修枝比例对岷江柏木移植的影响。试验共移植216株个体,1 a后成活8株,成活率3.70%。主根发达、须根偏少,土壤贫瘠且砾石含量多,移植施工的直接伤害、移植地环境难以完全相似等因素,直接影响到岷江柏木移植的成活率。2)比较了原地保护、异地移植、采种育苗、存入种质资源库等岷江柏木种质资源保护方式。提出在原地保存不可行的情况下,应优先采取采种育苗,结合入库保存等方式保护岷江柏木种质资源。