Morphofunctional description of mucous cells in the gills of the Arapaimidae Arapaima gigas (Cuvier) during its development

The gill structure of the Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Cuvier 1829) shows ontogenetic changes during development, particularly due the transition from the aquatic to the obligatory air breathing mode of respiration. However, three main cell types can be found in the gills: mitochondrial rich cells, pavement cells and mucous cells (MCs). The MCs are involved in the secretory pathway. The functions of the secreted molecules include mechanical protection of epithelia, protection against parasites and bacterial infection, and role on ion regulation. In this study, we analysed mucous cell location and mucous cell type, based on pH, during the development of A. gigas. Using samples obtained from the environment, gills were collected and fixed in buffered solution. Histological techniques for the identification of MCs were performed Alcian Blue (AB) and periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS). The results showed the presence of PAS+ and AB+ cells in the whole filament in all examined fish. In animals less than 50 g, few MCs were present, and no differences were observed in AB+ and PAS+ cells. In animals weighing close to 500 g, more PAS+ cells than AB+ cells were observed, and in animals that weighed more than 1,000 g, more AB+ cells than PAS+ cells were observed. These observations may be a result of the ontogenetic changes in the gill epithelia, which can change the osmorespiratory compromise in ion regulation functions as well the glycosaminoglycans secreted by PAS cells, which in large animals can play a role in the protection against parasites and bacterial infection.     

Effects of in ovo feeding of L‐arginine on the development of digestive organs,intestinal function and post‐hatch performance of broiler embryos and hatchlings

This study was to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) L‐arginine (Arg) solution on the development of digestive organs, the duodenal mucosa of broiler embryos and hatchlings, and the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weight were randomly allocated to three groups, consisting of eight replicates of 30 eggs each. Three treatments were arranged as non‐injected control, diluent‐injected (0.75% NaCl solution) group and Arg solution‐injected group containing 1% Arg, dissolved in diluent. At 17.5 days of incubation, 0.6 ml of IOF solution was injected into amniotic fluid of each egg of injected groups. Results showed IOF of Arg solution increased (p < .05) the chick embryo weight at 19 days of incubation; the body weight gain of post‐hatch broilers during 1–7 days; the weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard; the concentrations of duodenal ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and glucagon‐like peptide 2; and the duodenum mucosal enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, sucrase and inducible nitric oxide synthase of 7‐day‐old post‐hatch broilers compared with other groups. The IOF of Arg solution also increased (p < .05) the villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) and decreased (p < .05) the CD in duodenum of broiler embryos and post‐hatch hatchlings, except for the CD at 19 days of incubation. In conclusion, IOF of 1% Arg solution into the amnion at 17.5 days of incubation could improve the development of digestive organs, the duodenal morphology, the releasing of gastrointestinal hormones and mucosal enzyme activities of broiler embryos and hatchlings and finally the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. Therefore, IOF of appropriate Arg solution could be an effective technology for regulating early nutrition supply and subsequent growth development in poultry industry.     

大黄鱼消化道菌群结构、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活力分析

为研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)消化道的菌群结构、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活力特征,本研究采用高通量测序技术系统分析大黄鱼胃、幽门盲囊和肠道中菌群组成及分布,并对比研究工厂化养殖和网箱养殖模式下的消化道菌群;同时,结合生化分析方法解析2种模式下消化道消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活力特征。结果显示,2种养殖模式下,菌群多样性随消化道延伸呈下降趋势;乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae(f))、Fructobacillus、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)等代表的菌属为共有优势菌群。其中,拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和Anaerostipes等的丰度随消化道延伸呈下降趋势,而乳杆菌科、E01_9C_26_marine_group(o)所代表的菌属及黄杆菌属等则相反;普氏菌属(Prevotella_9)、乳杆菌科代表的菌属为2种模式养殖大黄鱼的主要差异菌属。工厂化养殖条件下,幽门盲囊和肠道中的菌群组成及其参与营养和免疫相关代谢通路的基因数目差异不显著(P>0.05),但与胃部的菌群组成和相关代谢通路基因数目存在明显差异;而网箱养殖大黄鱼胃部与幽门盲囊和肠道的菌群结构及相关代谢通路基因数目差异相对较小。2种养殖模式下的大黄鱼消化道菌群与饲料菌群相近。另外,胃和幽门盲囊也具有非特异性免疫酶活性,说明,整个消化道还具有一定的化学免疫屏障作用。本研究结果将为大黄鱼健康养殖提供基础参考,并为消化道菌群生理功能探讨提供理论依据。     

七叶树种间和种内生长与形态差异

七叶树(Aesculus spp.)是重要的药用经济树种,传统中药娑罗子即为七叶树种子,通常用于治疗胃寒腹胀、小儿疳积、痢疾等病症.国外在18世纪初就将欧洲七叶树(A.hippocastanum L.)种子和幼枝外皮的乙醇制剂用于解热和治疗痔疮、静脉曲张等疾病.     

垄作栽培对小麦植株形态和产量性状的影响

为了明确不同栽培方式对小麦生长发育的影响,采用比较研究的方法,研究了传统平作和垄作对小麦植株形态和经济性状的影响。结果表明,与传统平作麦田相比,垄作小麦旗叶和倒二叶变小,而倒四和倒五叶变大,有利于构建“松塔型”的理想株型;灌浆中期垄作小麦各叶位叶片干重高于传统平作小麦的相应叶位叶片,而收获前又低于传统平作小麦的相应叶位叶片;垄作小麦开花期茎秆的干重高于传统平作小麦,而收获前又低于传统平作小麦,表明垄作小麦的茎秆和叶片对籽粒的贡献大于传统平作小麦;垄作栽培使小麦各节间,尤其是基部节间缩短,株高降低,有利于提高小麦的抗倒伏能力;垄作栽培提高了小麦的经济系数和经济产量以及籽粒容重。与传统平作相比,小麦垄作栽培更有利于构建理想株型,更好地发挥群体功能,提高产量。     

不同培养基对松口蘑及栎松口蘑不同菌株菌丝生长的影响

不同培养基对3个来源不同的松口蘑菌株和1个栎松口蘑菌株菌丝生长影响的研究结果表明,在不同培养基上,各菌株之间在菌丝生长速度、菌丝干重和菌落形态上表现出一定的差异。     

桂东南旅游资源特色及其旅游文化的开发

旅游文化发展成为近年来旅游业新的增长点,旅游资源文化的正确定位和开发层次是提升旅游产品档次的关键。桂东南旅游资源文化内涵丰富,特色是侨乡风情文化、喀斯特———丹霞地质文化、自然生态文化和名人历史文化等。文章首先阐述旅游与文化的关系,进而论述旅游资源文化的内涵,然后深层次挖掘桂东南旅游资源文化,提出桂东南旅游资源文化发展构想。     

糊化淀粉缓释尿素研究进展

综述了国内糊化淀粉尿素产品的概念、生产原理、生产工艺、检测方法以及在反刍动物上的应用情况。     

麦草栽培平菇高产配方筛选

通过麦草栽培平菇试验,筛选出高产的配方技术,结果表明,采用麦草栽培平菇可以获得平菇高产。     

春小麦新品种互麦14号栽培技术

介绍了我省育成的春小麦新品种—互麦14号的丰产栽培技术。