论农业文化遗产保护与美丽乡村建设——以云南为例

党的十九大提出了乡村振兴战略,美丽乡村是农业文明的重要体现,是中华民族的文化根脉和精神家园。云南有着丰厚的农业文化遗产,本文从农业文化遗产地村落景观保护、特有农作物品种保护和加大农业文化遗产宣传保护等层面,提出了挖掘云南农业文化遗产及建设云南美丽乡村的对策建议。     

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.     

张静庐：利国利民，文化传承——一位近代编辑出版家的文化责任

张静庐的毕生努力和所作的贡献,在中国近现代思想文化史上占有重要地位。概括张静庐一生编辑出版事业,探讨其一生为近代出版事业所作的巨大贡献,尤其是作为一名近代著名编辑在维护国家和民族文化、近代文化传播、与作者交往、服务读者、编好书的文化责任,以期对当代新形势下的编辑有所启迪。     

高等院校新校区建设筹资研究

从高等院校新校区建设的重要性入手,分析了当前基本建设资金的现状。高等院校新校区建设资金需要多渠道筹资。通过对筹资的渠道以及筹资的方式的研究,并结合河北师大的特例,探讨了更有效的项目筹资方式。     

Critical drainage and nitrate leaching losses from manures applied to freely draining soils in Great Britain

Abstract. Pig slurry was applied by open-slot injection to experimental plots on a sandy loam site at ADAS Gleadthorpe, Nottinghamshire. Volume and distribution of over-winter drainage were adjusted through the use of rainfall exclusion covers or irrigation. The resultant slurry N leaching over the range of drainage values tested (up to 300 mm) could be satisfactorily described by curve-fitting, using a quadratic or exponential function. Initial simulations of slurry N leaching using the manure nitrogen decision support system manner (v. 3.0) compared poorly with the experimental data, predicting both earlier and greater amounts of nitrate leaching. However, the lack of fit could be explained by consideration of the likely ammonia emissions following slurry injection, the actual volumetric soil moisture capacity at the experimental site and the likely time delay for the nitrification of slurry N following application. Good agreement between modelled and observed data was achieved when these factors were taken into account. The manner model was used to simulate nitrate leaching beyond the range of drainage treatments tested in the experiments and the anticipated sigmoidal relationship between nitrate leaching and drainage was observed. The model was then used to study the effects of manure application timing and the likely impact on nitrate leaching, across the range of rainfall conditions found in Great Britain. Simulations for a range of manure types were undertaken, with manures applied at rates up to the limit of permitted N loading on freely draining sandy loams. Rainfall inputs for these simulations were based on long-term average climatic data. Results are presented for two contrasting manure types, cattle slurry and poultry manure, both of which are subject to controls in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) in Great Britain.     

胨冻样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)的分离、筛选及其发酵培养基研究

本文报道了胨冻样芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusmucilaginosus)的分离、筛选及其对小麦苗期生长的作用 ,并对胨冻样芽孢杆菌的发酵培养基进行了优化 .结果表明 ,胨冻样芽孢杆菌 (B .mucilaginosus)生长的最适培养基 (g/L)为 :蔗糖 1 4、Na2 HPO4 1 .5、FeCl3 0 .0 0 2、CaCO3 1 .5、酵母膏 1 0 ,自来水 1 0 0 0ml、pH7.0～ 7.5;有机氮和无机铵态氮抑制胨冻样芽孢杆菌的生长 ;胨冻样芽孢杆菌液体培养物对小麦苗期生长具有促进作用 .     

垦植方式对山地果园水土流失的影响

应用径流小区法,长期（1996-2006）定位研究福建中部尤溪县垦植方式对山地果园水土流失的影响,结果表明：1）该地区11年平均年降雨量1575.5mm,平均年蒸发量1461.1mm,5月、6月、8月是强降雨高发期,也是水土流失防治的关键期;2）在山地果园开发中,平台开垦的径流系数为0.0688,明显小于顺坡开垦（0.2865）;3）植草能使果园0-30cm土层的土壤含水量提高0.8％-0.9％;4）顺坡清耕区侵蚀模数为2388.2t／（km^2·a）,梯台清耕区土壤侵蚀量达10.3kg/m,土壤侵蚀主要源于台壁受冲刷,顺坡植草区、梯台植草区基本不发生土壤侵蚀。     

威宁龙凤山森林公园风景资源调查研究

通过对龙凤山公园景观资源的调查,分析其构成及分布状况;对森林景观类型进行分析归类;对公园自然景观特色、人文景观特色和借景景观资源进行深入阐述分析,为公园建设的规划设计、开发建设提供详实依据。     

培养条件对栗疫菌毒素产生的影响

本文以中国板栗当年生幼嫩枝条作为栗疫菌粗毒素生物检测材料,对该病菌的产毒条件进行了研究。结果表明：栗疫菌在不同培养液的产毒能力有明显的差异,7种培养液中C（PD＋板栗煎汁）培养液产毒能力最强;栗疫病菌产毒能力以培养温度为26℃,培养基pH值为6的条件下培养18d生物活性最强;最佳氮源为蛋白胨;较好的碳源为糊精。     

高蛋白高产大豆新品种石豆11号的选育

石豆11号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以化诱446为母本,冀豆4号为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2014-2015年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 093.9 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产2.51%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 108.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产0.87%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆11号的主要特点是高蛋白(45.79%)、高产、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。