林(树)冠截留容量及其近似确定

[目的]为了克服在林(树)冠截留降雨研究中采用"截留率"和"实测截留量"指标的缺陷。[方法]提出了截留容量的概念及近似确定方法。利用两个林分的实测资料,进一步介绍了截留容量的近似确定方法并进行相互比较。[结果]截留容量更能体现林冠对降雨截留作用的大小,它不仅能在不同林分或树种之间进行截留作用大小的比较,而且不受地域限制。[结论]采用截留容量指标比较不同林分之间对降雨的截留作用不仅是有效的,也是合理的。     

防治肉桂枝枯病药剂的毒力测定

从肉桂的枯枝组织中分离到３个单孢菌株，经室内外致病性测定和形态鉴定，属可可毛色二孢菌（Ｌａｓｉｏｄｉｐｌｏｄｉａｔｈｅｏｂｒｏｍａｅ），是引致肉桂枝枯病的主要病原。针对这种病菌进行了室内药剂的毒力测定，筛选出５０％林病威ａｃ５００倍液，在幼林地防治效果达９５．８３％。     

Crossing the thresholds: human ecology and historical patterns of landscape degradation

In discussions of landscape sensitivity, human activities have generally been regarded as external forces contributing to landscape change, with a focus on the impacts of cultivation methods, fertiliser practices, grazing pressures and atmospheric pollution. However, there has been comparatively little study undertaken that integrates physical and social systems in a historic context to explain the basis of human activity in sensitive landscapes. Where such attempts have been made, the manner of common land management has figured prominently, with ‘tragedy of the commons’ concepts used to explain land degradation and to provide a foundation for policy response. This has also been the case in Southern Iceland and in this paper we assess the extent to which common land domestic grazing pressures were the primary external force causing soil erosion and land degradation during the period of occupation from ca. 874 AD. We first provide field observation of soil erosion, temporally defined by tephrochronology, to highlight the extent of land degradation during this period. The ‘tragedy of the commons’ explanation of degradation is then assessed by evaluating historic documentary sources, and by environmental reconstruction and modeling of historic grazing pressures. These analyses indicate that regulatory mechanisms were in place to prevent overgrazing from at least the 1200s AD and suggest that there was sufficient biomass to support the numbers of domestic livestock indicated from historic sources. We suggest that failure to remove domestic livestock before the end of the growing season and an absence of shepherding were more likely to contribute to land degradation than absolute numbers. Lack of appropriate regulation of domestic livestock on common grazing areas can be attributed to limited cultural knowledge of changing and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions.     

大豆水溶性蛋白测定方法探讨

对大豆水溶性蛋白测定方法进行探讨,对大豆水溶性蛋白影响因素进行分析,同时,对提取条件进行优化。实验结果表明,温度的影响最为显著（P〈0.05）,所得最优提取完全的条件为：温度35℃,每次加100 mL水,提取2次,每次提取时间为60 min。通过研究后获得的试验条件在操作上较灵活,所提取的水溶蛋白具有更稳定、彻底和准确度高等特点。     

食用菌发酵液中非糖类物质含量的检测与分析

以食用菌发酵液为原料,采用分光光度比色法及甲醛滴定法等,测定不同食用菌发酵液中非糖类物质的含量。主要测定血芝、灵芝、侧耳、银耳4种食用菌发酵液的蛋白质、维生素、核苷酸、葡萄糖酸、氨基态氮的含量,并分析食用菌在不同发酵阶段各成分的变化。结果表明,各发酵液在不同发酵阶段各成分的变化基本相似,都是逐渐升高,各成分在发酵第三阶段达到最大值。     

山药中多糖的提取及含量测定方法

山药多糖具有多种生物活性,在药用方面具有广泛的应用前景,综述了山药中多糖的提取及含量测定方法。     

黄瓜性别决定的细胞学研究

对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）雄、雌花的细胞学特征进行了研究。黄瓜雄、雌花的发育从花芽原甚至雌蕊原基出现，无明显差异,在雌花中雌蕊原基出现后雌花进一步发育，花芽的中心凹陷发育为下位子房，雄蕊的花药原基中并未分化出小孢子母细胞。开花时，花药体积较小，并由一群形态结构基本一致的小型细胞组成。在雄花中，雌蕊原基出现后，花芽的中心未发生凹陷，在以后的发育过程中，尽管体积有所增大，但至开花时仍未产生柱头、花柱和子房。电镜观察结果显示，早期滞育雄芯细胞的质体具简单的片层结构，不含淀粉粒，线粒体的嵴不明显。开花时，质体内有较大的淀粉粒，线粒体分化出较明显的嵴，高尔基体周围小泡丰富。同样，开花时滞育雌蕊的细胞内质体大量积累淀粉,线粒体的数量较多，有高度分化的峭，高尔基体产生大量小泡。观察结果表明，尽管滞育雄蕊和滞育雌蕊正常的发育途径受阻，但其细胞和某些细胞器仍在发育成熟。     

中国白梨S基因研究——Ⅱ9个主栽品种S基因型的确定及S29-RNase新基因的分离鉴定

以中国白梨9个品种为实验材料．在分子水平上对其基因组DNA进行了PCR—RFLP系统检测、DNA序列测定及生物信息学分析．鉴定了6个品种的S基因型和3个品种的一个S等位基因．并从天生伏和蜜梨中分离鉴定了一个新的S等位基因,命名为梨Szg-RNase基因．该基因与S13的DNA序列最接近，推导氨基酸序列与S13仅有2个氨基酸序列的差异．     

捞刀河穿跨越方案的比选

长输管道的大型河流穿跨越方案的确定受地质条件、水文条件、地层情况、周围环境、防洪等诸多因素的影响。结合捞刀河水文地质特点，对桁架梁跨越、顶管、钻爆法隧道穿越等穿跨越方式的施工方案和施工措施进行了比较分析，通过优化选择，确定采用钻爆法隧道方案。     

双毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水样中多种有机磷农药残留量

水样中19种有机磷农药残留经乙腈萃取,采用双毛细管柱、双火焰光度检测器进行测定。测定结果19种有机磷农药回收率为66.32%~117.2%,相对标准偏差为1.50%~15.89%,检出限0.06~0.30μg.L-1。