玉米栽培技术及病虫害防治策略分析

纳米技术是在纳米尺度基础上研究物质的特性及相互作用,纳米为毫微米,既十亿分之一 米,利用纳米特性可解决实际生产中的多种问题。纳米技术在水产养殖工程中应用正处于初级阶段, 和发达国家还存在明显差异,故文章对纳米技术在水产养殖工程中的应用详细分析,旨在为实际水产 养殖开展提供理论参考。     

节水灌溉栽培技术探讨

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物,栽培质量直接影响着国民的生活质量和生存问题。而我国水 稻栽培受水资源分布不均的影响,存在南多北少的现象。所以在水稻栽植地区采取节水灌溉技术,对 提升水稻的种植产量与质量具有非常重要的意义。本文对节水灌溉栽培技术的优越性进行了分析, 并提出了节水灌溉栽培技术的具体应用策略,以供参考。     

基于图像处理技术的5种红树林叶片形态特征及叶绿素相对含量的估测

为研究基于计算机视觉的图像处理技术获得的红树林叶片形态特征和叶绿素相对含量,以5种红树林为研究对象,分析其叶片形态特征及建立叶片颜色参数和叶绿素相对含量的回归模型,为苗木培育及营养诊断提供理论依据。结果表明：基于图像处理技术获得红树林叶片形态特征值是可信的,5种红树林叶片形态特征（叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶周长、叶片形态因子）存在显著差异。红海榄和木榄单片叶片最大,其次是秋茄和桐花树,白骨壤叶片最小,白骨壤叶片形态接近椭圆形,红海榄和秋茄2种红树叶片属于长条型,木榄和桐花树叶片形态类似,红海榄叶长和叶宽相关性最强。5种不同种类红树林的SPAD值和Dualex值差异性显著。利用数码相机获取5种红树林叶片彩色图像,通过图像处理软件提取RGB以及通过差值、比值、标准化值、归一化值等运算组合的28种颜色特征值,与叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值、Dualex 值）进行回归分析,B值与SPAD值极显著相关,(R+B+G)/3、R/B、G/B与SPAD值显著相关;18种颜色特征参数与Dualex值显著相关,其中相关系数最大的为G-B和G值。因此,可依据颜色特征参数（R、G、B）建立相应的统计模型进行红树林叶片叶绿素含量的估测,进而为检测红树林生长、诊断营养状况以及进行水肥精确管理提供理论依据和技术支持。     

基于光特征的新疆机采棉高产创建全程塑形调控技术

通过新疆机采棉高产创建的实践,在向"温"要产量的基础上挖掘从光要产量,因而总结了新疆机采棉全程塑形调控技术。本文从棉花种植21个关键环节阐述了塑形调控技术的目标与措施,打破了新疆以往只注重棉花群体优势,忽视个体优势不足问题,实现棉花促早发、生殖前移、生殖量增加、多结铃、结优质铃,从而达到高产稳产、提质增效的目的。塑形调控技术能塑造合理的群体、个体结构,提高肥水利用效率,实现棉农增产增收,提高新疆棉花综合生产能力和水平。     

我国高类黄酮(红皮与红肉)苹果育种取得突破性进展

“医食同源,吃营养,吃健康”已经成为人们的共识。针对我国苹果产业品种单一、特色多样化品种严重不足、主栽品种’红富士'果实着色、风味品质及结果习性等性状需要进一步改良、苹果育种特别是红肉苹果育种周期长、缺乏优异种质等问题,系统介绍了以“高类黄酮(红皮与红肉)”为主线,以新疆红肉苹果挖掘与创新利用为研究重点,在品质形成与芽变机理、红肉苹果优异种质创制、高效育种技术创建、特色多样化新品种培育及其配套高效栽培技术创新等方面取得的最新研究进展及其成果,旨在为其他野生果树资源的评价挖掘与创新利用提供参考。     

Evaluation of whitefly-mediated inoculation techniques to screen Lycopersicon esculentum and wild relatives for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

For two consecutive years nine hybrids and three varieties of tomato, four Lycopersicon peruvianum and four Lycopersicon chilense accessions were screened for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) resistance. Three inoculation techniques using Bemisia tabaci, the vector of TYLCV, were compared: (1) artificial mass inoculation-simultaneous infection of cultivated and wild material in greenhouses; (2) artificial cage inoculation-individual infection in insect-proof cages; (3) natural field infection. Artificial inoculations led to higher levels of infection, but different patterns of response to each inoculation technique were found depending on the resistance level. Tomato varieties showed an important fruit set reduction after both artificial and natural inoculations. In contrast, field infection was milder in tomato hybrids, in which yield was barely affected. These hybrids showed a wide range of reactions with the two artificial inoculation techniques, but infection was always more severe after mass inoculation. Extreme severity of mass infection made it difficult to differentiate among variable degrees of resistance that were more reliably detected with cage inoculation. The hybrids F3524, F3522, Fiona, and Tyking showed the highest level of resistance. F3524 and F3522 had an acceptable yield in field and cage assays, but their resistance collapsed under massive conditions of infection. Tyking and Fiona exhibited the best response in all conditions, although their yield was moderately reduced in mass assays. Mass inoculation was not adequate for the screening of wild Lycopersicon. Some susceptible plants escaped infection, probably as a consequence of non-preference mechanisms and loss of vector infectivity. Individual inoculation in cages prevented the risk of non-infection, ensuring 100% disease incidence. This technique allowed the selection of highly resistant wild sources. L. chilense LA 1969 and LA 1963 had the highest level of resistance with the three inoculation techniques. L. peruvianum PI-126944 and L. chilense LA 1932, which were only tested in mass and field conditions, also exhibited a promising response. The results proved that the inoculation technique influences the response of tomato and wild Lycopersicon spp to TYLCV. It is concluded that artificial cage inoculation, although more time-consuming, is the most efficient, adequate, and reliable technique to screen both cultivated and wild Lycopersicon species for resistance to TYLCV. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄土风沙丘陵区水稻节水增产配套技术研究

从１９８３年开始,在黄土高原长城沿线风沙区东部的榆林地区进行水稻节水灌溉及配套技术试验,先后围绕水稻生产中的灌溉、良种、育秧、密度、施肥等主要技术问题开展了一系列研究和优选组配,形成适合于当地生产的节水技术,从１９９３年起大面积推广应用,较常规技术可节水１０４４０～１４７４５ｍ^３／ｈｍ²,增产１１．１％～２４．２％。１９９６年推广这一配套技术５８００ｈｍ²,平均单产８３５６．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ²,较常规生产增产１１．１％。     

富民县桉树工程造林效果评价

通过对国家造林项目———富民县桉树工程造林的效果进行评价, 总结出桉树工程造林的生产技术措施和科学的管理方式, 并对今后的生产运营提出具体建议, 以期在营林生产中推广应用。     

低产栗园高接换种改造技术

云南板栗实生栽培面积大, 管理粗放, 结果迟, 产量低, 品质差。采用云南省林业科学院选育的板栗新品系, 对低产板栗园进行嫁接改造, 并采用综合农业技术措施, 加强对改造后栗园管理, 实现了板栗的早实丰产优质高效。为大面积低产栗园改造提供了良种和配套技术, 给板栗产业化形成创造了条件。     

冲天柏育苗试验结果分析

采用切根及喷云大-120 对冲天柏苗木生长的效果进行了试验, 结果表明: 切根和喷云大- 120 处理对冲天柏苗木的生长作用一般不显著, 在苗高、地径、冠幅等10 个性状中, 仅喷云大- 120 对主根发育影响显著,对侧枝数的发育呈负作用, 故在冲天柏育苗中不宜采用切根和喷云大-120 作技术处理。