栽培种花生遗传图谱的构建及主茎高和总分枝数QTL分析

栽培种花生是异源四倍体,基因组大,构建花生的分子遗传连锁图谱并对相关性状进行QTL定位研究的工作缓慢。本研究以遗传差异大的亲本组配杂交组合富川大花生×ICG6375构建F2作图群体,采用公开发表的2653对SSR引物,构建了一张含有234个SSR标记、分布于20个连锁群的栽培种花生遗传图谱。该图谱覆盖基因组的长度为1683.43c M,各个连锁群长度在36.11~131.48 c M之间,每个连锁群的标记数在6~15个之间,标记间的平均距离为7.19 c M。结合F3在湖北武汉和阳逻环境下的主茎高和总分枝数鉴定结果,应用Win QTLCart 2.5软件采用复合区间作图法进行了QTL定位和遗传效应分析。共检测到17个与主茎高和总分枝数相关的QTL位点,贡献率在0.10%~10.22%之间,分布于8个连锁群上。综合分析武汉和阳逻环境的鉴定结果,获得重复一致的与主茎高相关的6个QTL,其中q MHA061.1和q MHA062.1位于连锁群LG06上TC1A2~AHGS0153标记区间,贡献率为5.49%~8.95%;q MHA061.2和q MHA062.2位于LG06上AHGS1375~PM377标记区间,贡献率为2.93%~5.83%;q MHA092.2和q MHA091.1位于连锁群LG09上GM2839~EM87标记区间,贡献率为0.53%~9.43%。     

Korea’s importance in the East Asiatic gene center

New evidence from archeology and human genetics provides strong support for the introduction of rice agriculture to Japan by Korean farmers. This sheds new light on the formation and further evolution of the East Asiatic gene center and stresses the importance of Korean agri- and horticulturists in Eastern Asia.     

葡萄一年二季结果栽培技术研究

葡萄是果树中花芽较易形成的树种之一,利用这一特性进行二次结果并在生产上运用,已成为葡萄业主进行调节产期供应,提高种植效益的一种手段。南方热量资源丰富,光照强,降温晚,采用全部落叶修剪,破眠催芽,保根保叶,达到葡萄一年二季结果即夏果与秋果。同时测定各处理间浆果大小,糖份含量,及结果枝条氮素与醣类的累积消耗、生长情形,以探讨葡萄不同产期之营养生长和生殖生长间的生理变化。     

河北省耕地变化与粮食产量灰色关联分析

运用一元回归预测方法与灰色关联分析方法分别对1949~2004年河北省耕地、人口和粮食的相关资料进行定量分析,预测河北省人口的变化趋势,同时对影响粮食总产量的各个因素排序。结果显示:粮食单位面积产量、有效灌溉面积、农业机械化程度对粮食总产量的影响较大。针对分析的结果及存在的问题提出相应的对策。     

蔺草若干生物学特性及高产栽培技术研究

蔺草是典型的水田作物,具有完整的通气组织,但幼根与根茎主要靠辐射状排列的皮层薄壁细胞间隙通气。蔺草分蘖发生符合F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-3)的规律。花器官分化开始于开花前2～3个月,可分为花序原基出现、花序原基分化、小花原基分化与雌雄蕊原基分化四个时期。蔺草在全国约有十万亩面积,各种植地区均有相应的栽培技术体系。几年来我们总结形成了一套符合本市若干地区的蔺草栽培技术,在协作基点运用过程中取得了明显的增产效果。     

基于熵权法赋权的区域耕地整理潜力评价

在构建区域耕地整理潜力评价指标体系的基础上,将熵权法与综合评价法结合起来对重庆市耕地整理潜力进行了定量化评价。重庆市耕地整理潜力评价结果表明,在评价指标权重分布上,投入产出率>林地面积比重提高率>耕地产出提高率>增加耕地系数,耕地整理潜力由大到小可划分为4个等级,从潜力等级的分布来看,耕地整理潜力最大的区域主要分布在三峡生态经济区,而耕地整理潜力次之的区域主要在渝西地区。就重庆市耕地整理潜力而言,渝西地区经济基础比较好,发展速度相对较快,投入产出率高,耕地整理投入优势显著,而三峡库区未来生态效益较高,耕地整理对实现资源可持续利用有利。     

江苏省耕地面积变化模型的比较分析

采用多元线性回归和灰色动态模型两种建模方法,分别对江苏省耕地面积短期变化进行分析,并比较了不同模型分析的效果。结果表明,两者都可用于预测,多元线性回归模型拟合精度明显好于灰色动态模型,但多元线性回归模型是经过修正的,且对数据要求较高,而灰色动态模型对数据没有特殊要求。     

果洛唐古特大黄染色体观察

对蓼科(Polygonaceae)植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.)染色体核型进行了研究.结果表明,唐古特大黄体细胞染色体数目为2n=22;核型公式为K(2n)=22=20 m+2 sm,核型为"1A"型,少数细胞中发现有随体存在.     

New versus old scientific names in strawberries (Fragaria L.)

New Potentilla synonyms of the Fragaria species names are discussed and considered to be dispensable. Further unnecessary nomenclatural changes based on the argument to recognize monophyletic but not paraphyletic taxa should be avoided to maintain nomenclatural stability for global communication about plant genetic resources. The new combination Fragaria×rosea (Mabb.) K. Hammer et Pistrick is presented for the hybrid Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. ×Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier.     

A preliminary assessment of the potential for using Pbex measurement to estimate soil redistribution rates on cultivated slopes in the Sichuan Hilly Basin of China

In order to assess its potential for estimating soil redistribution rates, the naturally occurring fallout radionuclide ²¹⁰Pb_ex has been used in parallel with ¹³⁷Cs, derived from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s to 1970s, to estimate rates of soil redistribution on a sloping field with traditional erosion control measures located near Jiajia Village, Jianyang County, in the Sichuan Hilly Basin of China. The local ²¹⁰Pb_ex reference inventory of 12,860 Bq m^− 2 is higher than those reported for many other areas of the world and may reflect the influence of cloudy weather in preventing ²¹⁰Pb released to the atmosphere across the local region moving up into the upper troposphere, where is would be more widely dispersed. The mean ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs inventories measured in cores collected from the upper part of the field with an average slope of 10° were 8028 Bq m^− 2 and 993 Bq m^− 2, respectively, and the equivalent values for the lower part of the field, where the slopes are steeper (20°) were 11,388 Bq m^− 2 and 1299 Bq m^− 2. The pattern of post-fallout ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs redistribution on the sloping field reflects not only the effects of water erosion and redistribution by tillage, but also the local traditional practice of “Tiaoshamiantu”, whereby sediment trapped in the ditches is returned to the fields by the farmer. The estimates of annual rates of soil loss provided by the ²¹⁰Pb_ex measurement are closely comparable with those derived from the ¹³⁷Cs measurements and are consistent with existing knowledge for the study area. The results obtained from this study confirm the potential for using ²¹⁰Pb_ex measurement to estimate soil erosion rates over medium-term timescale of 50–100 years. By combining the estimates of erosion rates provided by the ²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs measurements, the weighted mean net soil loss was estimated to be 48.7 t ha^− 1 year^− 1 from the upper subfield and 16.9 t ha^− 1 year^− 1 from the lower subfield. These rates are considerably lower than the erosion rates obtained from runoff plot measurements in the local area. It is suggested that the traditional erosion control practices and the practice of “Tiaoshamiantu” have a significant effect in reducing soil loss and conserving valuable cultivated soil on sloping fields in the Sichuan Hilly Basin.