籼稻和粳稻品种在RAPD上的遗传差异

 以27个籼稻和粳稻品种为试材,探讨RAPD分子标记在研究水稻籼粳分化程度中的可行性。从500个随机引物中可以筛选出23个能扩增出籼稻或粳稻特征带且重复性好的引物。表明RAPD技术可用于研究水稻籼粳分化程度。     

打破结缕草(Zoysia japonica)种子休眠的研究

用水浸泡24h,然后用不同浓度的NaOH和H2O2,分不同时间处理结缕草种子,筛选能有效打破结缕草种子休眠的方法.结果表明:不同处理均能显著的提高结缕草种子不同时期的发芽势和最终发芽率,其中效果组显著的是先用水浸泡24h后的结缕草种子经30%NaOH处理30min能显著的提高结缕草种子第7d、第14d的发芽势和最终的发芽势,其发芽率从6%提高到了73.33%,提高了12倍.因此,这种方法能显著打破结缕草的休眠,提高发芽率.     

金银花离体快繁技术的初步研究

研究了忍冬诱导生芽、增殖培养、诱导生根的培养基及配方,结果表明MS 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L是适宜的生芽诱导培养基,MS 6-BA1.5mg/L NAA0.01mg/L、MS 6-BA1.5mg/L NAA0.05mg/L是适宜的增殖培养基,1/2MS NAA2.5mg/L 活性炭200mg/L是较适宜的生根培养基。并为其它金银花组培快繁提供技术借鉴参数。     

湖北省江陵县湖滩地区犬血吸虫病流行现状的调查

选择湖北省江陵县5个行政村的家犬(可在户外自由活动)和宠物犬为研究对象,用血清学诊断法、饱和盐水漂浮虫卵法、顶管毛蚴孵化法检测犬的感染情况,并采用抽样法对调查村所属的湖滩进行钉螺检查.结果,犬血吸虫病血清学检查阳性率为10.59%,饱和盐水漂浮虫卵法检查阳性率为8.24%,粪便毛蚴孵化法检查阳性率为10.77%,5个村湖滩阳性钉螺平均密度为0.445只/m2.结果显示,该县日本血吸虫病流行严重,阳性犬以重、轻度感染居多.     

锈色粒肩天牛生态学特性研究

锈色粒肩天牛(Apriona swainsoni)是危害国槐(Sophora japonica)的重要蛀干害虫,研究其生态学特性,对锈色粒肩天牛的预测预报及有效控制具有十分重要的意义。通过对河南省不同地理区域的受害国槐抽样调查,发现锈色粒肩天牛的发生危害与地域、胸径、枝干方位、树木生理状况、温度、降水、温湿系数等环境生态因子有密切的关系。结果表明,以胸径19～32 cm的国槐树木受害较重,以树木西南向虫口密度最大;气温与虫害发生呈正向变化,而降水量、温湿系数与虫害发生呈反向变化。     

浙北稻区杂交粳稻与常规粳稻优势比较分析

[目的]为杂交粳稻高产组合的选育及推广提供参考。[方法]以2002～2006年嘉兴市杂交晚粳稻与常规晚粳稻区域试验结果为材料,对其性状特点进行比较分析。[结果]杂交粳稻组合的分蘖率、株高和每穗粒数与常规粳稻品种相比有较强的竞争优势,但有效穗数少、成穗率和结实率偏低,增产不显著;稻瘟病抗性有了显著提高,但白叶枯病抗性偏差;垩白粒率和透明度有改观,碱消值略降,但其他品质性状与常规粳稻无差异。杂交粳稻组合的分蘖率、生育期、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重等性状与产量呈不同程度的正相关,但株高与产量呈负相关。[结论]浙北稻区杂交粳稻高产新组合应朝穗、粒、重兼顾协调的方向发展。     

Advances and Prospects in Breeding Japonica Rice for Super High Yield in the Northern China

In this paper, advances and prospects in breeding japonica rice for super high yield in the northern China were analyzed comprehensively in terms of breeding theories, techniques and practices. The author holds that developing and spreading super rice is an important way to enhance the overall yielding ability of japonica rice and attaining immense expansion of rice production. After theories and technical guidelines for super rice breeding were formulated, which involved the creation of new plant morphology and strong hybrid vigor through crossing indica with japonica subspecies, the optimization of combination of desirable traits via multiple crossing or backcrossing, the assemblage of favorable genes and the integration of ideal plant morphology with the utilization of vigor-major breakthroughs have been made in conventional breeding of japonica super rice. A batch of new super rice varieties marked by superior rice quality and high disease resistance, such as Shennong 265, Shennong 606, and Jijing 88, etc., have been developed and released. In comparison with the advancement in conventional breeding ef super rice, progress in hybrid japonica super rice breeding is slower because of climatic and ecological constraint in northern China. Therefore, solving the contradictions between vigor and growth duration, between yield and rice quality, and boosting vastly seed production are still serious challenges for breeders of hybrid japonica rice. Physiological and genetic problems in japonica super rice breeding are also discussed in this paper.     

4种忍冬属(Lonicera)植物花粉的形态比较

通过扫描电子显微镜对4种忍冬属植物的花粉进行观察,发现其花粉长圆球形至圆球形,金银忍冬的花粉最小,台儿曼忍冬的花粉最大。4种植物的花粉均为三环沟型,萌发沟为子午向,金花忍冬的花粉萌发沟最长,几乎到达两极。4种植物的花粉表面均具刺,有细小穿孔,台儿曼忍冬花粉表面的刺小,等大,且有规则的脊与凹坑,其他3种花粉表面的刺大小不等;忍冬的花粉表面除具细小穿孔外,还有不规则条纹。     

近10年云南省育成的粳稻品种性状分析

云南省近10年（2011—2020年）已育成粳稻品种98个,根据区域试验组别和品种类型可分为中海拔常规粳稻、高海拔常规粳稻、三系杂交粳稻、两系杂交粳稻4种类型,比较分析了这4种类型高原粳稻品种的产量、抗性和米质。结果表明,育成的品种以常规粳稻为主,占比73.47%;育种主体以科研院所为主,占比90.82%;杂交粳稻产量较常规粳稻高6.16%,中海拔常规粳稻产量较高海拔常规粳稻高6.42%,每穗实粒数增加是近年高原粳稻增产的主要因素;对稻瘟病抗性总体不足,而对白叶枯病具有较强抗性;稻米品质总体不佳,中海拔常规粳稻米质优于高海拔常规粳稻,限制云南高原粳稻米质的关键因素是整精米率、垩白粒率、精米率和垩白度。适当增大个体,构建更高层次的个体群体协调平衡是高原粳稻育种的重点方向。     

Contents of heavy metal elements in copper mosses: Scopelophila ligulata,Scopelophila cataractae,and Mielichhoferia japonica and their substrates

Scopelophila ligulata (Spruce) Spruce, S. cataractae (Mitt.) Broth., and Mielichhoferia japonica Besch. (Mielichhoferia mielichhoferi (Hook.) Wijk et Marg. var. japonica (Besch.) Wijk et Marg.) are well known “copper mossess” which show peculiar ecological characteristics consisting of a preference for metal-rich soils, lithosols, rocks, etc. as their substrates. The total and water-soluble element contents in the substrates and heavy metal contents in the moss body were analyzed in this study. The results of these chemical analyses were as follows: The iron contents in the moss body and substrate of S. ligulata were higher than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. On the contrary the copper contents of the former were lower than those of the latter. The pH values of substrate of S. ligulata were lower than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. The concentrations of water-soluble iron and sulfate in the substrate of S. ligulata were higher than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. On the contrary, the water-soluble copper concentrations in the substrate of S. ligulata were lower than those of the others. Although in the substrate of S. cataractae the iron content was several times higher than the copper content, in the moss body the copper content was higher than iron content.