日粮不同粗纤维水平对幼兔生长发育的影响研究

以120只40日龄的新西兰兔为试验材料,随机分为A、B、C和D共4组。在其它营养水平相同的情况下,研究粗纤维水平分别为10%、11%、12%和13%的4种日粮对幼兔日增重、料肉比、腹泻率、经济效益等指标的影响。结果表明,试验期平均日增重以A组最高(27.78±3.85)g,且随着粗纤维水平的增加而逐渐减少(P<0.05);A组和D组分别具有最低(3.81)和最高料肉比(4.26),差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);随着粗纤维水平的逐渐增加,腹泻率呈显著下降趋势,粗纤维水平为10%时腹泻率达到26.67%;经济效益分析发现,C组的产出投入比最高。     

兰州百合与亚洲百合及其杂种F_1的蛋白质和同工酶分析

[目的]为选配亲本组合及杂种早期鉴定提供理论依据。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对兰州百合与亚洲百合及杂交后代的可溶性蛋白质和过氧化物酶进行分析。[结果]以兰州百合为亲本的杂交后代的蛋白质谱中不仅出现了与亲本同源但比亲本染色加深的带,且出现了亲本中不存在的新带。杂种F1过氧化物酶谱主要表现为亲本的不完全互补型和杂种型。[结论]蛋白质谱和过氧化物酶谱可作为百合杂种鉴定的生化指标及进行目标性状植株的检测。     

植物蔗糖转运蛋白的研究进展

介绍了植物蔗糖转运蛋白（SUT）的结构、分布、家族组成等方面的研究进展。     

Black soldier fly larvae in broiler diets improve broiler performance and modulate the immune system

Non-conventional feed ingredients are receiving more interest in their ability to increase farming efficiency, sustainability and animal performance. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal rate of inclusion level of the full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in broiler diets and to evaluate their impact on performance, nutrient digestibility, and the immune system (blood cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes). A total of 400 male day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates each. Five inclusion levels of full-fat BSFL were investigated across starter (0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%), grower and finisher diets (0, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). All diets were formulated based on digestible amino acid values according to the Aviagen (2016) recommendations. A polynomial regression at different degrees was performed to analyse broiler performance parameters (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), nutrient digestibility, and blood cell count. Intraepithelial lymphocyte population data was analysed performing univariate linear regression. During the entire experimental period (from 2 to 42 d), BSFL inclusion levels decreased the feed conversion ratio by 10% in broilers that received 20% BSFL in their diets (P < 0.05). Lymphocytes and white blood cell count decreased linearly by 47.7% and 35.9%, respectively, with up to 20% BSFL inclusion (P < 0.001). A 4-fold decrease in CD3+ T lymphocytes and a 9.7-fold decrease of CD3+CD8+ intestinal cytotoxic T lymphocytes occurred in broilers fed 20% BSFL compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the inclusion of BSFL can improve broiler performance and potentially reduce immune response energy expenditure in birds fed 20% BSFL for 42 d.     

施肥对石蒜叶片生长及生化指标的影响

用基质、施肥量、肥料3因素3水平正交实验设计方法研究了施肥对石蒜(Lycoris radiata)叶片生长及生化指标的影响,并分别采用极差分析法和方差分析法对试验结果进行了分析.结果表明,3种因素中施肥量对叶片生长影响最为显著,其次是肥料种类,最后是基质种类;最佳施肥组合为施肥量200 g/m2、m(氮)∶m(磷)∶m(钾)=10∶30∶20的肥料及营养土基质.磷肥含量高的氮磷钾配比有利于核酸的合成,而氮肥含量高的氮磷钾配比有利于蛋白质的合成.     

娇柔塔胞藻脂溶性化合物抗植物病原菌活性及成分分析

从娇柔塔胞藻中提取粗脂,并经硅胶柱层析将粗脂分离成石油醚洗脱组分(非极性脂)、苯洗脱组分(弱极性脂)和乙醇洗脱组分(强极性脂),并对粗脂和3种洗脱组分进行了抗3种植物病原菌的活性试验。结果表明:粗脂对3种病原菌都有一定的抗菌活性,其中石油醚洗脱组分在脂溶性化合物中含量最高,但无抗菌活性;苯洗脱组分含量最少,但抗菌活性最强。对3种洗脱组分成分分析结果表明,石油醚洗脱组分以烷烃类化合物为主;苯洗脱组分成分较复杂,但以1-丙氧基、2-丙醇的含量最高;乙醇洗脱组分富含脂肪酸成分。娇柔塔胞藻的抗菌活性是其脂溶性化合物中各种化学成分相互综合作用的结果。     

氮肥对小麦品质的影响研究进展

综述了小麦籽粒蛋白质、蛋白质组分的形成过程以及氮代谢关键酶在氮素积累、转运和再利用过程中的作用,阐述了小麦氮肥施用量和施用时期对小麦蛋白质品质、蛋白质组分品质及小麦加工品质的影响,以期为小麦高产优质栽培提供一定的理论依据。     

紫花苜蓿蛋白质二硫键异构酶mPDI的生物信息学分析与同源建模研究

利用紫花苜蓿蛋白质二硫键异构酶（mPDI）的mRNA（来自NCBI,登录号为Z11499．1）及氨基酸序列（来自UniProt KB／Swiss—Prot数据库及NCBI数据库,其登录号分别为1729828、CAA77575．1）,应用生物信息学软件预测了该蛋白质的理化性质、亲疏水性、信号肽、二级结构、卷曲螺旋结构、跨膜区域、糖基化位点、活性位点、亚细胞定位、功能结构域及高级结构。结果表明：紫花苜蓿mPDI蛋白质是一个整体疏水性蛋白,细胞定位为粗面内质网,含有512个氨基酸,理论等电点为4．98,分子量为57087．4Da,原子组成为C2597H3977N651O786S6摩尔消光系数在280nm处为37610,不稳定系数为40．12,脂肪系数为79．96,总平均亲水性为-0．357。该蛋白质由20种氨基酸组成,其中非极性R基团氨基酸占44．3％,极性R基团氨基酸占28．4％,酸性氨基酸占13．6％,碱性氨基酸占13．1％,Ip、Glu、Val、Ala含量最为丰富,Met和Cys含量最少。信号肽位于1～24号氨基酸。利用ProtScale软件的KyteandDoolittle算法对mPDI蛋白进行亲／疏水性预测,结果表明该蛋白质含有7个高疏水性区域,分别分布在4J0～50区域、95～105区域、120～130区域、190～200区域、285～295区域、340～350区域以及365～375区域。利用SignalP网络工具对mPDI蛋白进行信号肽的预测,神经网络法显示第24～25位点是最可能的剪切点,马可夫模型显示了同样的信号肽酶切位点。mPDI蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋占26．37％（135AA）、无规则卷曲占53．32％（273AA）、延伸链占20．31％（104AA）;包含3个卷曲螺旋结构、3个糖基化位点（分别为143位的S、148位的T、461位的S）、2个硫氧还蛋白结构域（14～144位、357～485位）、2个硫氧还蛋白活性位点（54～72位、399～417位）、1个内质网靶向序列（509～512位）;Ramachandram结构检测表明此模型的三维结构符合立体化学能量规则。     

Influence of environment on growing period and yield, protein, oil and α-linolenic content of three chia (Salvia hispanica L.) selections

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an annual summer herb, and a member of the Labiatae family. Three selections, named Tzotzol, Iztac 1, and Tliltic, were planted at different elevations in three Inter-Andean valleys of Ecuador (Patate—2042 m, Guayllabamba—2200 m and Salinas—1621 m) to assess performance and seed quality. Length of growing period was influenced by location, with Tzotzol and Iztac 1 increasing with elevation. Iztac 1 had the highest seed yield at all three locations, with the difference between Iztac1 and Tzotzol being significant (P < 0.05). Similar protein contents were found among selections, within a site, except for Patate where Tliltic had a higher content. Seed at the Salinas site contained significantly (P < 0.05) higher α-linolenic and lower linoleic and oleic fatty acid contents than seed produced at the other two sites. In general seed yield, protein content, and fatty acid composition of the three selections were similar, and in some cases higher, than those reported for other ecosystems in which chia has been grown.