盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治研究

盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊是以兽用喹诺酮类药物盐酸沙拉沙星为主要成分制成的蚕用抗菌药剂。盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治效果试验表明,用100mg/L盐酸沙拉沙星药液给感染卒倒芽孢杆菌的4龄起蚕连续添食3d(第1天添食24h,第2、3天每天添食6h),对家蚕败血病的防治效果与用500mg/L盐酸诺氟沙星药液、125mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果无明显差异(P0.05);用400mg/L盐酸沙拉沙星药液给感染灵菌的4龄起蚕连续添食3d(添食方法同上),对家蚕败血病的防治效果明显优于用500mg/L盐酸诺氟沙星药液、250mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果(P0.05),与用500mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果无明显差异(P0.05)。盐酸沙拉沙星对卒倒芽孢杆菌、灵菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.25、5μg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为5、10μg/mL。分别给4龄、5龄家蚕添食400、800、1200、2000mg/L的盐酸沙拉沙星药液,对家蚕的生长发育、茧质和丝质均未见明显不良影响(t检验,P0.05),且不存在明显的剂量-反应关系。分别给5龄第4天家蚕添食剂量为5、10、20mg/kg的盐酸沙拉沙星后,药物在蚕体内吸收良好,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收的一室开放式模型。研究结果显示,盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对卒倒芽孢杆菌或灵菌感染引发的家蚕细菌性败血病具有明显的防治效果,并且对家蚕安全无害。     

桑树多倍体化学诱导剂的筛选及对不同桑树材料的诱变效果

为了高效获取桑树多倍体育种的优良植株,以形态变异率为考核指标,筛选化学诱导剂组合,并对19个桑树品种或杂交组合的不同材料进行诱导处理,改进和丰富桑树多倍体化学诱变技术体系。初步筛选出最佳诱导剂组合0.2%秋水仙素+2%二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用该诱导剂组合分别以滴液法、琼脂涂抹法、注射法诱导处理桑树幼苗顶芽、春伐桑幼芽、桑树雌花,其诱变率分别为30.96%、10.12%、2.56%,而应用该诱导剂组合对桑树种子浸渍诱导9d,可100%获得形态变异植株,其中有11.9%的突变植株成活。以稀释400倍的氟乐灵溶液替代秋水仙素作为诱导剂,采用浸渍法对桑树种子诱导处理5d,其诱变效果与用0.2%秋水仙素+2%DMSO浸渍9d的效果相当。通过植株形态观察和染色体鉴定,确认从12个供试桑树品种或杂交组合中获得了四倍体植株或枝条,可作为桑树多倍体育种的优良亲本材料。     

Furanocoumarins-imperatorin inhibits myocardial hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo

The furanocoumarin imperatorin has been reported to have hypotensive effect, and we have investigated its activity on myocardial hypertrophy. Imperatorin displayed similar chromatographic retention peak to verapamil in the model of cardiac muscle/cell membrane chromatography, and could reduce in a concentration-dependent way protein content and cell size of myocytes prestimulated with angiotensin II. The ratio of heart weight to body weight (mg/g) (4.13 ± 0.06 in SHRs, 3.77 ± 0.02 with imperatorin 25 mg kg^− 1 d^− 1 16 17 ig, P < 0.01) was significantly lower in the imperatorin-treated SHRs. Taken together, our observations show that imperatorin exerts anti-hypertrophic effect both in vitro and in vivo.     

壳聚糖絮凝对双黄连口服液制剂中有效成分的影响

选用正交试验筛选壳聚糖絮凝澄清的最佳条件,以主要成分黄芩苷作为含量考察指标,研究了壳聚糖作为澄清剂对双黄连口服液中黄芩苷含量的影响,并与醇沉法进行了对比。结果显示,壳聚糖能使双黄连提取液得到良好的澄清效果,主要成分黄芩苷损失较小,优于醇沉法,表明壳聚糖能作为良好的澄清剂代替醇沉法处理双黄连口服液。     

Characterization of a Newly Isolated Marine Fungus Aspergillus dimorphicus for Optimized Production of the Anti-Tumor Agent Wentilactones

The potential anti-tumor agent wentilactones were produced by a newly isolated marine fungus Aspergillus dimorphicus. This fungus was derived from deep-sea sediment and identified by polyphasic approach, combining phenotypic, molecular, and extrolite profiles. However, wentilactone production was detected only under static cultures with very low yields. In order to improve wentilactone production, culture conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology. Under the optimal static fermentation conditions, the experimental values were closely consistent with the prediction model. The yields of wentilactone A and B were increased about 11-fold to 13.4 and 6.5 mg/L, respectively. The result was further verified by fermentation scale-up for wentilactone production. Moreover, some small-molecule elicitors were found to have capacity of stimulating wentilactone production. To our knowledge, this is first report of optimized production of tetranorlabdane diterpenoids by a deep-sea derived marine fungus. The present study might be valuable for efficient production of wentilactones and fundamental investigation of the anti-tumor mechanism of norditerpenoids.     

2-脱氧葡萄糖作为小麦愈伤组织筛选剂的研究

传统的转基因育种所带来的食品安全和环境安全问题是研究者无法回避的,选用生物安全性标记基因对转基因愈伤组织进行筛选是解决这一问题的重要途径。为寻找一种新型的生物安全型筛选剂用于小麦愈伤组织的筛选,并确定其最佳使用浓度,尝试利用2-脱氧葡萄糖（2-DOG）作为小麦遗传转化过程中愈伤组织的筛选剂,设置了0、400、600、800、1 000和1 500 mg·L^-1六个浓度梯度对4种小麦基因型的愈伤组织的再生进行了筛选。结果表明,800 mg·L^-1的2-DOG浓度为合适的筛选浓度,筛选时间以3周较合适。     

促腐条件下小麦玉米秸秆还田土壤养分变化特征研究

采用盆钵培养法,模拟定西市李家堡镇典型的黄土高原旱作农业区旱作覆膜方式,通过秸秆添加腐解剂还田研究小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆腐解120 d土壤养分含量的动态变化特征。结果表明:在小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆120 d的腐解过程中,各处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、全氮的增加速率一致表现为先增后减,土壤磷素、钾素的增加速率变化趋势为增—减—增—减;添加腐解剂处理的土壤养分增加速率均大于秸秆直接还田(对照),培肥土壤效果明显;小麦、玉米秸秆添加腐解剂F3的处理土壤养分含量高于其他处理,即内含具特殊功能的芽孢杆菌、丝状真菌、放线菌和酵母菌的秸秆腐解剂F3增加土壤养分的效果最好;相同腐解剂下不同种类秸秆处理的土壤养分含量表现为:WF1CF1,WF2≥CF2,WF3CF3,即由好氧性的多个菌种复合培养而成的秸秆腐解剂F1对小麦秸秆促腐优势最大;F3对玉米秸秆的促腐作用优于F1和F2;富含分解纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和其他生物有机物质的微生物菌群的秸秆腐解剂F2对小麦、玉米秸秆的促腐效果基本相似。     

微咸水灌溉条件下施用不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤盐分离子分布的影响

利用5种不同的土壤改良剂,对矿化度在2~3 g·L-1的微咸水灌溉棉田土壤进行改良效果研究。结果表明:五种改良剂均降低土壤p H值和总盐含量,并能有效控制土体Na+、Ca2+、SO42-、HCO3-积累;其中,磷石膏能显著降低土体Na+、Ca2+、SO42-总含量(P<0.05),DS1997能显著降低土体Na+、HCO3-总含量(P<0.05),酸碱平衡剂显著降低土体Ca2+、SO42-总含量(P<0.05),禾康改良剂有效控制土体SO42-、HCO3-含量;改良剂对土体中Cl-改良效果不显著(P>0.05)。研究得出:微咸水灌溉导致土壤p H值升高和含盐量增加,造成土壤盐分的积累;土壤改良剂可有效减少微咸水灌溉引起的盐分积累,改善土壤理化特性和盐分离子分布。     

Phytotoxic and antiphytopathogenic compounds from Thai Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. rhizomes

The management of weeds and diseases that are caused by phytopathogenic fungi is important for preventing the loss of agricultural products. The aim of the present study was to identify phytotoxic and antiphytopathogenic agents from the Thai Alpinia galanga rhizome. Extracts of the dried rhizomes of A. galanga (Zingiberaceae) were separated and tested for phytotoxic activity against lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Great Lakes) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Wasefudou) and for antiphytopathogenic activity against Alternaria porri, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora nicotianae. 1′‐Acetoxychavicol acetate ( 1 ) was identified as one of the main components, together with trans‐p‐coumaryl acetate ( 3 ) and trans‐p‐acetoxycinnamyl acetate ( 2 ). 1′‐Acetoxychavicol acetate ( 1 ) was solvolyzed with 2% EtOH to yield trans‐p‐coumaryl ethyl ether ( 6 ), trans‐p‐coumaryl acetate ( 3 ) and trans‐p‐coumaryl alcohol ( 5 ). 1′‐Acetoxychavicol acetate ( 1 ) completely inhibited the root growth of the lettuce seedlings at 50 μg mL^–1, but had a weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of Italian ryegrass. 1′‐Acetoxychavicol acetate also inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae and A. porri, with minimum inhibition concentration values of 15.6 and 31.5 μg mL^–1, respectively. The plant growth‐inhibitory activity and fungal growth‐inhibitory activity of trans‐p‐coumaryl acetate ( 3 ), trans‐p‐coumaryl ethyl ether, trans‐p‐coumaryl alcohol ( 5 ) and trans‐p‐acetoxycinnamyl acetate ( 2 ) were lower than those of 1′‐acetoxychavicol acetate. A structure–activity relationship suggested that the strong phytotoxic and antiphytopathogenic activity of 1′‐acetoxychavicol acetate relied on the 1′‐acetoxyl group.     

豆粕粉制备胶合板用生物质胶黏剂的研究

采用氢氧化钠和乙醇改性剂处理豆粕粉(SBM),用硫脲作交联剂,选用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)表面活性剂制备出具有较好耐水性能的木材用胶黏剂。研究p H、乙醇、硫脲及SDS用量对杨木胶合板耐水胶合强度的影响,并结合浴比(物料质量比)因素,探讨退粘剂(硫酸)对反应体系黏度和胶合强度的作用机理。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析手段阐明退粘剂对豆粕粉胶黏剂黏度及耐水性增强效应。结果表明:当p H13、乙醇用量15%、硫脲用量7%及SDS为5%,浴比为1∶3.5(豆粕粉质量为基准)时,耐水胶合强度可达0.98 MPa,当加入0.5%退粘剂后,黏度由84 520 m Pa·s降低至1 239 m Pa·s,胶接强度增加18.07%。SEM结果发现豆粕粉胶黏剂固化断面胶接致密,有效改善了胶液黏度和耐水胶合性能。