‘保康紫斑’牡丹生长适应性及结籽性状

以湖北省‘保康紫斑’牡丹为材料,对湖北省不同地区引种栽培的‘保康紫斑’牡丹的生长指标、花性状指标及果荚大小、种子百粒质量、种子含油率等结籽性状指标进行了调查分析.结果表明,‘保康紫斑’牡丹在不同地区引种种植都能生长,但若以发展油用牡丹为目的进行人工栽培,最好选择中高海拔地区(1200 ～2600 m)进行推广.     

无线传感器网络三维定位交叉粒子群算法

针对标准粒子群算法进化后期收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小点、早熟收敛等问题,提出一种基于交叉粒子群的农业无线传感器网络三维定位算法。该方法主要包括汇聚节点选取、测量距离修正、节点定位3个阶段,通过借鉴遗传算法交叉操作的思想,增加粒子的多样性,减小测距误差、锚节点数量对定位结果的影响,有效提高定位算法全局搜索能力。仿真结果表明,该方法的稳定性和定位精度均优于标准粒子群算法。在测距误差和锚节点数量相同的条件下,与混合蛙跳定位算法进行性能比较,两种算法的最大定位误差分别为1.337 8 m、1.747 3 m,最小定位误差分别为0.258 3 m、0.561 5 m,平均定位误差分别为0.651 2 m、1.044 7 m。     

Utilization of dietary starch and glucose tolerance in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of different strains in seawater

Juvenile chinook salmon of three strains responded to inclusion of 28.7% of gelatinized starch in the diet with different degrees of reduction in growth rate and feed efficiency relative to control fish of the respective strains fed a low-starch, high-lipid diet of similar protein (46%) and estimated metabolizable energy content (16 mJ/kg). The productive protein value of the diet was not reduced to the same extent by the high intake of starch. Carcasses of fish fed the high-starch diet contained higher concentrations of protein and lower concentrations of lipid than control fish. The accumulation of liver glycogen in response to the high-starch diet differed among strains. Glucose tolerance curves also varied among strains but were poorly correlated with plasma concentrations of insulin. Tolerance to glucose loading was improved in fish previously fed the high-starch diet.     

Stimulated activity of the soil nitrifying community accelerates community adaptation to Zn stress

Field data have shown that soil nitrifying communities gradually adapt to zinc (Zn) after a single contamination event with reported adaptation times exceeding 1 year. It was hypothesized that this relatively slow adaptation relates to the restricted microbial diversity and low growth rate of the soil nitrifying community. This hypothesis was tested experimentally by recording adaptation rates under varying nitrification activities (assumed to affect growth rates) and by monitoring shifts in community composition. Soils were spiked at various Zn concentrations (0-4000 mg Zn kg⁻¹) and two NH₄⁺-N doses (N1, N2) were applied to stimulate growth. A control series receiving no extra NH₄⁺-N was also included. Soils were incubated in pots under field conditions with free drainage. The pore water Zn concentration at which nitrification was halved (EC50, mg Zn l⁻¹) did not change significantly during 12 months in the control series (without NH₄⁺-N applications), although nitrification recovered after 12 months at the highest Zn dose only. The EC50 after 12 months incubation increased by more than a factor 10 with increasing NH₄⁺-N dose (p < 0.05) illustrating that increased activity accelerates adaptation to Zn. Zinc tolerance tests confirmed the role of Zn exposure, time and NH₄⁺-N dose on adaptation. Zinc tolerance development was ascribed to the AOB community since the AOB/AOA ratio (AOB = ammonia oxidizing bacteria; AOA = ammonia oxidizing archaea) increased from 0.4 in the control to 1.4 in the most tolerant community. Moreover, the AOB amoA DGGE profile changed during Zn adaptation whereas the AOA amoA DGGE profile remained unaffected. These data confirm the slow but pronounced adaptation of nitrifiers to Zn contamination. We showed that adaptation to Zn was accelerated at higher activity and was associated with a shift in soil AOB community that gradually dominated the nitrifying community.     

非秋眠性苜蓿适应性种植及其抗盐性研究

对非秋眠及半秋眠苜蓿品种的生育特性、生态适应性及耐盐性进行研究观测，结果表明，多数品种适应在本试验区的气候环境中种植，具良好的生长势与越冬率，对低盐土壤环境亦具一定适应性。     

Investigating interactions of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in monocots wheat

Upon pathogen or insect attack, plants respond with production of a specific blend of the alarm signals salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which are recognized as key players in the regulation of the signaling pathways involved. SA and JA responsive genes and SA/JA cross talk were well characterized in dicotyledonous species, but little is known in monocotyledonous plants. Using qRT-PCR, the expression profiles of SA and JA responsive genes were investigated after SA and JA treatments in monocots wheat. The results showed that Glu2 and PR-2 responded almost exclusively to SA, PR-3 and LOX2 responded positively to methyljasmonate (MeJA) treatment, while Lipase and PR-1.1 were induced in response to treatment with SA or MeJA. Furthermore, either by pathogen infection or exogenous application of hormones can activate the antagonistic effect between SA and JA in wheat, which has been well elucidated in dicotyledonous species. The outcomes of SA-JA interactions could be affected by the relative concentration of each hormone. This study shed light on marker genes that can represent SA and JA pathways in wheat and provided some clues for better understanding their interactions in monocot.     

Differences in ecological and allelopathic traits among Alternanthera philoxeroides populations

Based on a field investigation and laboratory trials, this study compared the invasive ecology of aquatic and terrestrial alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides G.) ecotypes. The aquatic ecotype showed a stronger eco‐adaptation than the terrestrial ecotype. Alligator weed performed well in wetland and riparian habitats, where it was so competitive that only one‐to‐three other plant types grew successfully in its company. In contrast, it exhibited poor growth in upland fields and parks, where the terrestrial ecotype was dominated by 6–11 other alien plant species. The aquatic ecotype exhibited significantly greater growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa. The ecotypes differed in their pattern of allelopathic inhibition of water blooms. The allelopathic effect of the aquatic ecotype persisted for a period exceeding 20 days, whereas the terrestrial ecotype's allelopathic effect subsided in <5 days. The aquatic ecotype had higher levels of antioxidant compounds, including soluble protein and flavones, and the activity of protective enzymes was also higher, which included superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. Alligator weed's unique characteristics derive mainly from its strong allelopathic potential and tolerance of eutrophication in aquatic habitats.     

Photoperiodic effect on flowering and seed development in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Abstract

Sensitivity to photoperiod in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was studied under controlled conditions to enhance crop adaptation to environments outside its centre of origin. Two varieties, a traditional variety from Bolivia (Real), which will not mature under Danish conditions, and an early maturing variety (Q52), developed for Danish climatic conditions, were used in this reciprocal transfer experiment. Plants were moved from a short daylength of 10 h (SD) to a long daylength of 18 h (LD) and vice versa at set intervals from sowing to 100 days after sowing (DAS). A reaction of LD in time to flowering was observed only in the Bolivian variety Real. Under SD both varieties flowered after 39 DAS. For Real the LD regime resulted in a moderate increase in time to flowering to 44 DAS. The non-sensitive, juvenile period in Real was estimated to be approximately 16 days. In Q52 a moderate increase in the number of leaves was formed on the main stem after flowering at LD, which indicates that some daylength sensitivity remains. The most striking difference occurred during seed filling, when going from SD to LD. In Q52 the time from the end of flowering to maturity increased from 39 to 52 days. Under SD, Real had a seed-filling period similar to Q52, but at LD Real remained with green leaves during seed filling. Hard seed was observed in the still green perigonium 57 days after end of flowering. At this moment re-shooting occurred from the inflorescence, and seed maturity was not reached at the termination of the experiment at 150 DAS. This study shows that flower induction is not a major problem for adaptation of quinoa to North European conditions but that a very strong, daylength sensitive, stay green reaction is the main cause of the late maturity of South American introductions.     

Research advances in genetics and breeding of Populus davidiana Dode in China

IntroductionBreedingofChineseaspen(Populusd8vjdtanaDode)inChinastartedin195O'swhenthefirstcrossingsweremadebyProfessorYiPeizhongin1946attheagriculturecollegeofChinacenter(Yi1955)andXuWeiyingin1954attheChineseforestryresearchinstitute(XuandHuangetal.1956).CrossingwasmadebetweenPOoUPIushOPej8nsiSandPd8vha8na,Pd8VdenaandPsdrionIjDuringtheperiod196o-197o,greatattentionwaspaidtothehybridizationbetWeenPOPulUsgenusorraces(Han1995).Themosteffective,systematicresearchworkbegantodeveIopsin…     

稻瘟病菌浅黄色素突变体对稻株诱导抗性的探讨（英文）

经用紫外光诱变菲律宾的一个具有广谱毒性的菌株PO6-6中获得2个浅黄色素突变株A和B以及从浙江省分离的弱致病性菌株C,在25/16℃、RH70%的人工气候箱内,先在4个感病品种上接种48小时后再接种强致病性菌株D和E,浅黄色素突变株和弱菌株对强菌株在水稻感病植株上呈现出交叉保护现象。6批重复试验一致表明,浅黄色素突变株和弱致病性菌株均可明显地诱导水稻植株对稻瘟病的抗病性。本文并就利用稻瘟病菌的交叉保护作用,为开辟防治新途径进行了讨论。