马铃薯高淀粉资源试管苗抗盐性鉴定

本文用０．３％Ｎａｃｌ处理的ＭＳ培养基协迫马铃薯高淀粉品种试管苗的方法，鉴定马铃薯品种的抗盐性。结果表明，盐协迫和对照两处理对各品种试管苗生长影响差异显著，盐协迫下各品种生物产量明显下降，而抗（耐）盐品种在处理中变化较小。最后，根据抗盐性评定，筛选出３个抗盐性品种。     

Yield and Resource Use Optimization in Late Transplanted Mint (Mentha arvensis) under Subtropical Conditions

A field experiment was conducted during 1994 and 1995 at Lucknow (26.5°N, 80.5°E, 120 m above mean sea level) to optimize planting density and fertilizer-N application for high essential oil yield of late transplanted mint ( Mentha arvensis ). The treatments studied were 2.5, 2.0 and 1.66 × 10⁵ mint seedlings ha⁻¹ and 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha⁻¹. Under 3 months delayed planting conditions using 2-month-old seedlings, the high planting density of 2.5 × 10⁵ plants ha⁻¹combined with 160 kg N ha⁻¹ gave significantly higher herb and essential oil yields compared with those of lower planting densities (2 and 1.66 × 10⁵ plants ha⁻¹) and all other rates of N application. It is demonstrated that a transplanted mini crop, yielding essential oil at a level of 164 kg ha⁻¹, is feasible after the harvest of rabi cereal, oil seed or legume crops in the north Indian plains.     

青海省农作物品种选育及品种志编撰

概述了改革开放30年来,青海省农作物育种工作的主要成就,育种目标和育种技术的演变特征;详细叙述了《青海省农作物品种志》(1983-2005)编撰的技术路线及图像处理、电子系统开发、资料采集等关键技术和思路,为更好了解和使用《青海省农作物品种志》提供参考。     

种衣剂在小麦上的应用效果初报

就17%多·克·酮小麦种衣剂对幼苗生长的调控作用以及田间防治甘肃省小麦主要病害的实际应用效果进行了试验研究。盆栽试验结果表明,17%多·克·酮种衣剂安全的药种比为1:50,在此包衣比例下,不仅可提高出苗率,对植株生长无不良影响,而且能使植株根系活力显著增强,叶片叶绿素含量明显提高,生长后期抗倒伏能力增强;田间小区试验结果表明,对早期小麦条锈病的防效可达76.2%、小麦白粉病可达77.0%,对土传性小麦全蚀病的防效可达到82.1%,冬麦区小麦产量提高6.8%,春麦区小麦产量提高10.9%。     

研究作物群体结构及生态因子时空分布的新方法——三维切片法

本文介绍了三维切片法的原理，用于切片的框架制作 ，操作方法和资料处理及表达方法。     

Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of spring maize with plastic mulch using eddy covariance in northwest China

Spring maize under plastic mulch is the staple food crop in northwest China. Studying its evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (K_c) is important for managing water-saving irrigation in the region. Eddy covariance (EC) was applied to measure spring maize ET in 2007 in northwest China, focusing on the characteristics of the maize ET and K_c processes under plastic mulch. An interesting result was that a higher K_c in this study relative to the value of FAO 56 was presented in the mid and late season, e.g. average K_c was 1.46, 1.39 and 1.22 during the heading, filling and maturity stage, respectively. This result was mainly due to that (1) the plastic mulch had an effect on anti-senescence of maize and great green leaf still existed before the harvest; (2) the FAO 56 PM model may underestimate the reference crop ET in the mid and late season of maize in the region; (3) the planting density was higher in the study, which was about 374,800 plants ha⁻¹. Though K_c during the mid and late season was high, a high water use efficiency of 25.2 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ was still obtained in the study. Our study confirmed that plastic mulch has beneficial effect on improving maize water use efficiency in this severe water shortage region of northwest China.     

湖南省主要农作物国内比较优势分析

采用综合比较优势指数法,对湖南省1991~2005年10种主要农作物(包括水稻、小麦、红薯、玉米、大豆、油菜、棉花、苎麻、甘蔗和烤烟)的国内比较优势进行了计算和分析。研究表明,水稻、油菜、苎麻和烤烟是湖南省具有国内比较优势的作物,大豆、甘蔗、玉米和小麦则不具国内比较优势。同时,针对结论提出了几点建议。     

土壤重金属Cd作物效应的区域分异研究

[目的]探索土壤重金属Cd对水稻效应的区域分异。[方法]以我国辽宁(棕壤)、江苏(黄泥土)、天津(潮土)、湖北(红壤)和广西(石灰土)5区典型土壤类型为研究对象,以杂交水稻180为供试品种,采用盆栽试验,对土壤中重金属Cd对水稻生长和稻米重金属Cd含量影响的区域分异进行了研究。[结果]水稻株高、产量受土壤Cd污染的影响具有明显的南北区域分异,5区中北方的辽宁、天津地区在土壤Cd浓度较高时水稻长势依然较好,而南方的广西、湖北等地区在较低土壤Cd浓度水平下,对水稻生长产生明显的抑制。虽然土壤类型对水稻Cd含量吸收的影响较为显著,但南北方区域分异并不明显。[结论]土壤重金属Cd对作物效应因土壤类型不同表现出明显的区域分异特征。     

基于生长元模型的智能化作物集成建模辅助系统研究

 【目的】探索智能化作物集成建模方法和开发实用辅助建模工具。【方法】在综合分析麦、稻、棉等作物的生长模拟模型算法及模拟系统的基础上,提炼作物通用建模流程、模型结构、模型接口和模型模板,构建作物生长元模型;在模型资源库、组件、描述脚本和引擎等技术的支撑下,设计层次化、组件化和智能化作物集成建模辅助系统（IICMSS）结构及核心部件。【结果】基于.Net平台,使用C#语言和SQL Server数据库开发原型系统;以小麦为对象,重构了生长模型和模拟系统。与基于代码编程的小麦生长模拟系统相比,开发方法有所改进,方便了作物模型及模拟系统的开发、测试、维护和共享。【结论】基于生长元模型的智能化作物集成建模辅助系统实现了作物建模的工作流程化、手段工业化、接口通用化及模型透明化,促进了作物建模过程的自动化;作物模型研究者使用学习、定制、设计、配置、组装、评估和扩展等手段,即可无编程、智能化地构建作物模型。     

农作物秸秆的青贮和高温堆肥利用进展

综述了我国作物秸秆的青贮技术和高温堆肥技术的原理和影响因素,并提出存在问题和发展方向。