丘陵半干旱区作物需水规律的研究进展

对目前国内外丘陵半干旱区作物需水量的主要理论和方法,包括水量平衡法、蒸渗仪法、波文比-能量平衡法、经验公式法和遥感方法进行了总结,探讨了其使用中存在的问题,预测了作物需水量在测定和估算研究方面的发展趋势。     

河西灌漠土钾素状况及当季施肥效应

多点调查表明，河西灌漠土全钾比70年代末平均降低了24.4%，速效钾平均下降了41.2%。剖面分布为：耕作层全钾平均为1.30%，20～60cm土层平均1.27%～1.38%，底土平均1.26%；缓效钾平均为946～1 006mg/kg，剖面差异不大；速效钾 0～20cm土层为145mg/kg，20～100cm平均101～114mg/kg。春小麦、玉米、甜菜、洋芋单作当季施钾均无明显增产效应；带田玉米施化学钾肥增产8.5%，施土粪增产9.7%～11.3%，但增效不稳定。     

WeibuⅡ作物损失模型的差分法拟合

Pennypacker(1980)、Madden(1981)等学者将韦布尔(Weibull)曲线y(x)=1-exp{-((x-a)/b)~c}(x>a,b>0,c>0)用以描述植病进展和植病导致产量损失的非线性回归关系,其生物学意义和适应性引起人们注意。但是如何利用一组实验数据来拟合该模型,一直没有一个简便易行的方法。为了解决这个问题,本文研究了Weibull模型的差分法拟合技术。     

波兰果树生产考察报告

概述了近20年来波兰水果产量，栽培的果树品种构成，主栽品种，以及各种水果产品的供需状况和果树科研情况。     

杂草对作物产量损失预测的复合函数模型

本文根据杂草与作物在田间竞争所表现出的三大特征，应用幂函数与双曲线函数的复合模型（y=d^r/（a＋bd^l）来模拟杂草密度与作物产量间的关系，通过对7组不同来源的杂草与作物竞争资料的模拟，证明幂双曲线函数复合模型具有实际的生物学意义，能准确地描述多种杂草和多种作物间的竞争关系，预测杂草为害作物可能造成的产量损失。为杂草的经济防除和进一步建立杂草防除的生态经济阚值模型提供科学的依据。     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.     

6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果

分别从烟草生长发育、生长量和主要经济性状等方面研究6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果.结果表明,该药被烟叶吸收后,参与烟草生理生化全过程,促进烟草生长发育;烟草根系发达、植株变高、茎变粗、光合作用效率增强、叶绿素及抗坏血酸含量增加;上等烟率、橘黄烟率较对照提高20%～30%;改善烟叶的品质,平均增产20%,增收2250～3000元·hm-2.     

Comparison of Statistical Models for Regional Crop Trial Analysis

Based on the review and comparison of main statistical analysis models for estimating varietyenvironment cell means in regional crop trials, a new statistical model, LR-PCA composite model was proposed, and the predictive precision of these models were compared by cross validation of an example data. Results showed that the order of model precision was LR-PCA model ＞ AMMI model ＞ PCA model ＞ Treatment Means (TM) model ＞ Linear Regression (LR) model ＞ Additive Main Effects ANOVA model. The precision gain factor of LR-PCA model was 1.55, increasing by 8.4% compared with AMMI.     

模糊环境下的农业生产计划模型

庄稼规划问题常被认为是一个线性优化问题。但在许多实际情况中,由于未来天气因素的影响,农产品的利润系数一般是不确定的值。因此,带有常系数的线性优化模型不能准确地描述决策环境。基于可信性理论,提出一个庄稼规划模糊模型,并给出一个数值例子以表明模型的合理性和有效性。     

Is it economically feasible to harvest by management zone?

The economics of harvesting wheat based on input management zones in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia was studied using a simulated field of regular dimensions with varying zone sizes and layouts. Fertilizer application rates and crop yield and quality data from field trials of input management were used to estimate the gross crop revenue and harvesting costs from the different field layouts and zone combinations. As a general observation there was no consistency in the results; harvesting by zone generated more gross income in some combinations of field layout and yield quantity scenarios, but not in others. However, there were key factors in determining whether it was profitable to harvest by zone. These were prior knowledge of the potential yield and quality characteristics of grain from each zone in a field, and the layout of zones within a field.