聚类分析在我国果树研究中的应用及问题分析

对近１０年来聚类分析在我国果树研究中的应用情况进行了简要总结。涉及十余种果树及系统聚类和模糊聚类两种聚类分析方法。文中对有关问题进行了分析和讨论。     

Effects of landscape structure on nest predation in roadsides of a midwestern agroecosystem: a multiscale analysis

Nest predation is an important cause of mortality for many bird species, especially in grassland ecosystems where generalist predators have responded positively to human disturbance and landscape fragmentation. Our study evaluated the influence of the composition and configuration of the surrounding landscape on nest predation. Transects consisting of 10 artificial ground nests each were set up in 136 roadsides in six watersheds in south-central Iowa. Nest predation on individual roadside transects ranged from 0 to 100% and averaged 23%. The relationship of landscape structure within spatially-nested landscapes surrounding each roadside transect (within 200, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 m of the transect line) to nest predation was evaluated by using multiple regression and canonical correlation analyses. The results of this multiscale landscape analysis demonstrated that predation on ground nests was affected by the surrounding landscape mosaic and that nest predators with different-sized home ranges and habitat affinities responded to landscapes in different ways. In general, wooded habitats were associated with greater nest predation, whereas herbaceous habitats (except alfalfa/pasture) either were associated with less nest predation or were not important. Different landscape variables were important at different spatial scales. Whereas some block-cover habitats such as woodland were important at all scales, others such as rowcrops and alfalfa/pasture were important at large scales. Some strip-cover habitats such as gravel roads and paved roads were important at small scales, but others such as wooded roadsides were important at all all scales. Most landscape metrics (e.g., mean patch size and edge density) were important at large scales. Our study demonstrated that the relationships between landscape structure and predator assemblages are complex, thus making efforts to enhance avian productivity in agricultural landscapes a difficult management goal.     

黄河三角洲地区浅层地下水与耕层土壤积盐空间分异规律定量分析

为研究黄河三角洲地区地下水作用条件下耕层土壤的积盐规律,运用GIS和地统计学的原理与方法,结合地下水埋深的空间分布以及临界埋深的划分标准对研究区域进行分区,并从空间尺度对各分区地下水矿化度与耕层土壤积盐规律进行了定量分析。结果表明：地下水埋深、矿化度和耕层土壤盐分均属于中等变异强度,在东西方向和南北方向上均具有2阶的趋势效应;受结构性因素和随机性因素的共同作用,地下水埋深呈中等的空间自相关性,地下水矿化度与耕层土壤盐分呈弱空间自相关性;耕层土壤盐分与地下水矿化度的空间分布具有一定的相关性,与地下水埋深呈负相关性。对空间尺度上的地下水矿化度与耕层土壤盐分定量分析结果表明,耕层土壤积盐与地下水矿化度呈极显著的相关关系,而地下水埋深增加使其相关性减弱,采用分区研究法使地下水矿化度对耕层土壤积盐规律分析更加客观准确。该结果对研究黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化的发生机理以及预测与评估该地区土壤盐渍化的发生发展具有重要意义。     

20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法分析20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂,使用C18反相柱和紫外可变波长检测器,以甲醇 水为流动相,用外标法对有效成分进行分析和定量。咪鲜胺和异菌脲标准偏差分别为0.055和0.021变异系数分别为0.53%和0.19%。平均回收率分别为98.95%和99.10%。     

甲萘威原药高效液相色谱分析方法

采用带紫外检测器和ODS-C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱仪,在流动相甲醇 水=80 20(V/V)、检测波长278nm、流速1.0mL/min的条件下,对甲萘威含量进行定量分析。结果表明,甲萘威的标准偏差为0.39;变异系数为0.41%;平均回收率为99.64%;线性相关系数为0.9998。     

我国红树林研究人员统计与分析

以1989～2005年《中国期刊全文数据库》、《中文科技期刊数据库》收录的红树林研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的方法,对我国红树林研究人员的地区分布、人员数量及文献量的年际变化、核心作者群、核心机构、核心期刊等方面进行统计与分析。     

高校图书馆导读的"三性"分析

针对大学生阅读需求和倾向的多元化,分析了高校图书馆导读的必要性,论述了导读需求客观存在的模糊性,在此基础上,提出了搞好高校导读工作具有操作性的对策和措施。     

1997～2006年CABI网络文摘数据库收录中国农业文献统计分析

通过文献计量学的方法,对世界上著名的农林文摘数据库CABI网络版1997-2006年间收录的中国文献进行统计,并对CABI网络数据库收录中国农业文献的总量、年代分布、语种、文献源以及期刊学科分布情况分析了分析,对农业科研工作者从文献的角度了解我国农业研究的一个现状,提高农业文献的世界交流提供参考。     

《图书馆工作与研究》(2004～2006年)载文、作者统计分析

以《图书馆工作与研究》(2004～2006年)为研究对象,从载文来源分布、载文选题分布、引文数量分布、引文类型分布及作者合作情况多方面进行统计和分析,从中总结一些规律,为图书馆学情报学学科发展提供依据。