玉米花药培养及再生植株倍性鉴定

对影响玉米花药培养的几个因素及再生植株的倍性鉴定的结果表明、基因型是影响玉米花培效果的重要因素,杂交种的花培效果好于不稳定系,不稳定系又好于自交系.N_6与正_(14)两种培养基都适于花药培养,但正_(14)培养基优于N_6培养基.特别是液体培养基效果更好.花药接种的适宜时期为单核中期和后期.单核后期又稍好于单核中期,单核早期的花药不能诱导愈伤组织.单倍体与二倍体花粉植株之间叶片气孔保卫细胞长度差异极显著,长度小于29μm的为单倍体.大于29μm的为二倍体或多倍体.鉴定的准确性可达到95%.因此可利用测量气孔保卫细胞长度的方法鉴定花粉植株的倍性.     

Effects of Soybean Fortification on Protein Quality of Tortilla-Based Diets Produced from Regular and Quality Protein Maize

The physiological development of laboratory rats fed with a typical indigenous tortilla diet was studied for two generations. The experiment compared casein control diet and five different types of diets: (1) a diet of tortillas obtained from fresh masa (FM); (2) regular tortillas produced from enriched dry masa flour containing vitamins B₁, B₂, niacin, folic acid, and the microminerals iron and zinc (REDMF); (3) tortillas produced from enriched dry masa flour fortified with 6% defatted soybean meal (FEDMF); (4) tortillas produced from enriched quality protein maize flour (EQPM); and (5) and, tortillas produced from enriched quality protein maize flour fortified with 3% defatted soybean meal (FEQPM). The growth of rats fed FEDMF and FEQPM diets was significantly higher (P<0.05) in both generations than their counterparts fed EQPM, REDMF, or FM diet. Animals fed quality protein maize (QPM) tortilla had the highest protein digestibility, but the FEQPM and FEDMF diets had the highest biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU), and protein-digestibility-corrected EAA scores (PDCEAAS). The difference among treatments was more evident in the second-generation rats. The pregnancy rate, number of newborns/litter, litter weight, and newborn survival rate was also higher for rats fed FEDMF, EQPM, and FEQPM diets than their counterparts fed REDMF and FM.     

吉林省玉米品种资源抗锈病鉴定研究初探

通过把病害发生因素分成不同组份的方法对104份玉米品种资源在白城市农科院植保实验地进行了抗锈病鉴定。选出高抗锈病品种或杂交种30份,抗锈病品种或杂交种20份,感锈病品种或杂交种39份,高感锈病品种或杂交种15份。为玉米抗锈病育种和农业生产提供参考。     

不同温湿度条件对除草剂产生玉米药害的影响

为明确环境温度、土壤湿度对玉米田除草剂产生药害的影响。试验采用人工气候箱盆栽法,设置3个药剂(乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津)和1个清水对照、两个环境温度梯度、3个土壤湿度梯度共24个处理。在施药后调查玉米株高并计算株高抑制率,同时取鲜样送至检测机构确认玉米植株中除草剂成分。结果表明,环境温度10℃、土壤相对含水量为20%时,3种除草剂对玉米的株高抑制率分别为1.0%～18.7%、22.0%～46.9%、21.0%～42.5%;环境温度10℃、含水量为25%时,株高抑制率分别为23.1%～50.6%、42.5%～62.8%、25.6%～57.6%。除草剂在玉米植株中残留的检测结果,环境温度10℃、土壤相对含水量分别为15%、20%、25%时,玉米植株中莠去津残留量分别为0.150～0.360、0.040～0.170、0.190～0.360 mg/kg,环境温度15℃、土壤相对含水量分别为15%、20%、25%时,玉米植株中乙草胺残留量分别为0.020～0.490、0.012～0.400、0.015～0.540 mg/kg,莠去津的残留量分别为0.017～0.210、0.020～0.092、...     

不同收获期玉米青贮DM和CP奶牛瘤胃降解率研究

结果表明：蜡熟期玉米青贮DM的有效降解率（60.07%）分别比乳熟期（52.91%）和乳熟前期（45.13%）高7.16个百分点（P＜0.05）和14.94个百分点（P＜0.01）;乳熟期玉米青贮DM的有效降解率比乳熟前期高7.78个百分点（P＜0.05）.蜡熟期玉米青贮CP的有效降解率（81.93%）分别比乳熟期（76.43%）和乳熟前期（73.36%）高5.50个百分点（P＜0.05）和8.57个百分点（P＜0.05）;乳熟期玉米青贮CP的有效降解率比乳熟前期高3.07个百分点，但差异不显著.     

玉米种子加工线的计算机仿真分析

本文用计算机仿真手段对吉林省2000t的玉米种子加工线再现了其两种工艺流程,根据现场反映的配套问题和仿真结果对第一工艺流程提出了改进方案,认为现有系统的精选机生产率应增加一倍,能提高经济性,并且对具有不同仓数的系统进行了分析。     

特旱年旱地玉米限额补灌水肥效应分析

采用田间试验方法研究了旱地玉米限额补灌的水肥效应。结果表明，玉米小喇叭口期灌水675mm／hm2，平均增产玉米2171.5kg／hm2，增产率89．27％，灌水生产效率为3.217kg／mm;3种肥料的增产效果为N＞M＞P。未灌水条件下，3种肥料的增产效果为M＞P＞N。配合施用的增产效果为NPM＞NP。     

Oil separation from wet-milled corn germ dispersions by aqueous oil extraction and aqueous enzymatic oil extraction

The many recent dry-grind plants that convert corn to ethanol are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. Oil separation from corn germ by aqueous extraction (AE) was studied. Batches of 5–20% germ in a buffer solution were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a blender or colloid mill, churned in an incubator/shaker and centrifuged to separate a free oil fraction. The highest oil yields were obtained when the germ mass fraction was between 0.1 and 0.16. Addition of an enzyme solution to the ground germ suspension prior to churning, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) gave an oil yield twice as high as the AE yield, carried out using similar conditions. Both types of extraction produced the most oil after a 122 °C cook followed by churning at 160 rpm and 70 °C. Oil yield increased linearly with dispersion loading, from 0.5 up to 1.0 g/cm² based on beaker cross-section (0.09–0.12 germ mass fraction). Over a several month period the germ used for the extractions became more difficult to extract, despite storage at 4 °C.     

生物活性水对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以北农青贮308玉米种子为试验材料,分别用生物活性水稀释10、25、50、100、200、400、800、4000倍对玉米种子进行浸种处理,以蒸馏水为对照,比较种子的发芽率、发芽势、吸水值、贮藏物质转运率、生物量、根长、芽长、叶绿素含量。试验结果表明,除稀释10倍处理外,不同浓度生物活性水均能显著提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势及苗期的长势和叶绿素的含量,其中稀释100倍的生物活性水最有利于种子的萌发,稀释50倍的生物活性水在苗期对壮苗和促进株高效果最明显。     

不同处理玉米的有机物质瘤胃降解率及小肠消化率的研究

用３头带瘤胃瘘管的杂种肉牛测定玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米有机物质（ＯＭ）和非蛋白质有机物质（ＮＰＯＭ）的瘤胃动态降解率,ＯＭ分别为５３．０３％,４３．９１％,５３．５７％,３５．７３％和３８．８５％,ＮＰＯＭ分别为５３．６７％,４８．０６％,５５．７２％,３９．２４％和４４．４８％。用酶解法（牛小肠液冻干粉（ＢＩＦ））测得玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米１２小时瘤胃非降解ＯＭ的消化率分别为７４．３９％,７６．２６％,７５．５４％,７７．８８％和７７．４３％,ＮＰＯＭ分别为６３．９２％,６４．７８％,６４．４３％,６７．７８％和６５．００％。