公顷产量12.75t～15.67t春玉米铁、锰、铜、锌吸收动态模型及分布运转规律的研究

本文阐明了掖单13春玉米公顷产量12.75t～15.67t条件下,Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn在体内浓度、分布,运转的动态变化规律;查明了其不同生育时期的吸收量、速率、比例以及最快吸收速率和出现时间;建立了Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn吸收动态模型;查明了Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn消耗系数,生产效率,百公斤籽粒吸收量;明确了不同高产春玉米Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn吸收量,吸收速率等方面的差异.     

新型改性蒙脱石材料对污染土壤中Cu的钝化修复效果

[目的]研究新型改性蒙脱石材料(巯基土)对土壤中Cu的钝化修复效果。[方法]以巯基土作为钝化剂,通过小白菜盆栽修复试验和田间修复示范试验,研究巯基土对Cu污染土壤的钝化修复效果。[结果]对于盆栽试验,添加适当比例的巯基土可显著降低小白菜植株Cu累积量,当添加量为1.0%时,Cu污染土上小白菜植株Cu累积量相比CK可降低44%;对于田间示范修复试验,添加0.2%和0.5%的巯基土相比CK可分别降低小白菜植株Cu累积系数达22.5%和17.0%,其钝化效果明显优于未经改性的钠化蒙脱石材料(钠化土)。[结论]该研究可为土壤Cu污染治理修复提供科学依据。     

铜污染农田表层土壤的持久性有机氯农药残留状况

土壤中持久性有机污染物往往与重金属共存形成混合污染,但过去的研究较少关注它们在土壤中的相互影响。本研究选择典型铜污染区农田,分析了铜不同污染程度的表层土壤中HCB、HCHs与DDTs等持久性有机氯农药的组分及含量。结果表明:DDTs在土壤中的残留量随着土壤铜污染程度的加剧而上升;土壤中铜抑止了DDT向DDE或DDD的转化,DDTs残留量相对较大。供试土壤中持久性有机氯农药含量与有机质之间的相关性分析表明,污染土壤中两者之间的相关性大于未污染土壤,说明铜促进了土壤中的DDTs和HCHs与土壤有机质结合,这可能是导致水田土壤中DDTs的平均含量显著高于旱地和林灌地土壤的原因之一。     

Factors related to iron uptake by dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. II. The reduction of Fe3+ as influenced by roots and inhibitors

In a companion paper (10), varieties of four plant species [two monocotyledons (oats and corn) and two dicotyledons (soybeans and tomato)] were shown to differ widely in their ability to respond to Fe‐stress. The ability of the more Fe‐efficient varieties was manifested by a lowering of the pH of the ambient medium of the root and/or by loss of reductants from the root. Both effects can enhance uptake of Fe by the roots, since Fe is taken up primarily, if not entirely, as Fe²⁺ ions. Thus, a given stressed plant has a means, under some degree of metabolic control, for modifying the root environment and, thereby, alleviating its chlorotic condition.

The present investigation deals with environmental factors, particularly chemical inhibitors, modifying the effectiveness of the stress response. Without inhibitors, excised root samples of the four species exhibited a wide range of abilities to reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺. Roots of the dicotyledonous species reduced about twice as much Fe³⁺ as did equal weights of the monocotyledonous species. Iron‐efficient tomato, soybean, and oat roots reduced more Fe³⁺ than did roots of the Fe‐inefficient varieties. The two corn varieties were about equal in their effectiveness.

Comparable samples of roots were also exposed to chemicals that induce or aggravate Fe chlorosis. Those found to be very effective inhibitors of Fe³⁺ reduction by the roots included: hydroxide, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺. Other ions (includ ing Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺ and molybdate) and ethyl ammonium phosphate also inhibited Fe³⁺ reduction but to a lesser degree. Citrate, however, enhanced Fe³⁺ reduction. The degree of inhibition or enhancement differed for each of the varieties. In general, the Fe‐efficient plants were best able to reduce Fe³⁺ in spite of the inhibitory influence of the imposed treatments. Thus, our findings indicated that inhibition of the Fe³⁺ ‐reduction process at, or near, the periphery of the root is an apparent cause of Fe chlorosis.     

铜离子对猕猴桃愈伤组织再分化培养的研究

以秦美猕猴桃茎段为外植体,诱导愈伤组织并进行猕猴桃再分化及生根试验。在分化培养基中分别添加不同浓度的铜离子进行筛选,以确定适于猕猴桃愈伤组织分化的最佳铜离子浓度。结果表明:再分化培养基中添加1.0 mg.L-1的铜离子时,可明显提高猕猴桃愈伤组织绿苗再分化率及生根率。但当铜离子浓度超过2.0 mg.L-1时,猕猴桃愈伤组织绿苗再分化率显著降低。     

5-硝基愈创木酚铜的制备与活性研究

通过5-硝基愈创木酚钠与硫酸铜反应制备5-硝基愈创木酚铜,并比较了二者的植物生长调节活性和杀菌活性。结果表明,在低浓度下(小麦苗:0.3μg/mL、油菜苗:0.01μg/mL),5-硝基愈创木酚铜和5-硝基愈创木酚钠对植物的生长基本无影响。在高浓度下(10μg/mL)二者均能抑制油菜苗生长,且5-硝基愈创木酚铜的抑制作用显著高于5-硝基愈创木酚钠。在一定浓度范围内5-硝基愈创木酚铜和5-硝基愈创木酚钠能够促进麦苗生长,但是5-硝基愈创木酚钠促进生长的浓度范围宽于5-硝基愈创木酚铜。5-硝基愈创木酚铜表现出一定的杀菌活性,但与其植物生长调节活性相比较应用价值不大。     

塿土表面铜吸附解吸的动力学特征及滞后效应

采用间歇法发现土娄土及不同处理土样对铜离子的吸附过程遵循二级反应动力学方程 ,吸附速率常数ka 呈 :土娄土 >去OM土娄土 >去Ca土娄土 >去Ca、OM土娄土 ;解吸过程符合两点位一级动力学方程 ,第一点位解吸速率常数kd1大于第二点位解吸速率常数kd2 ;各土样解吸速率常数的大小顺序与ka相反 ;吸附 解吸之间的滞后效应用ka/kd来衡量 ,滞后程度大小与ka大小顺序一致     

野桑蚕铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因的克隆分析与原核表达

超氧化物歧化酶是野桑蚕保护酶体系的重要酶类。利用RT-PCR方法克隆出野桑蚕铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)cDNA(EMB I登陆号:AM410997),其开放阅读框ORF长465 bp,编码154个氨基酸。同源性及系统进化分析表明,推导出的氨基酸序列与3种果蝇的同源性平均为69.3%,与线虫为57%,各物种中与Cu/Zn结合的残基高度保守。利用ExPASy的ScanProsite以及PSort和TMpred对此编码的蛋白质结构和功能域分析,预测出其具有2段Cu/Zn-SOD特异序列,且该蛋白不存在信号肽以及跨膜区。将Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA克隆到pET-28 a(+)表达载体,测序鉴定后以IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定其表达的融合蛋白质分子量为19.4 kD。     

Uptake and Translocation of Copper in Brassicaceae

Abstract

Ten cvs. of four Brassicaceae species were tested to evaluate their copper (Cu) uptake and translocation. Germination and root length tests indicated that Brassica juncea cv. Aurea and Raphanus sativus cvs. Rimbo and Saxa were the species with the highest germinability and longest roots at Cu concentrations ranging from 25 up to 200 µM. Raphanus sativus cv. Rimbo grown in hydroponic culture at increasing Cu concentrations (from 0.12 up to 40 µM) for 10 days produced a relatively high biomass (17.2 mg plant^?1) at the highest concentration and had a more efficient Cu translocation (17.8%) in comparison with cvs. Aurea and Saxa. The potential of cv. Rimbo for Cu uptake was then followed for 28 days at 5, 10, and 15 µM Cu. In comparison with the control, after 28 days of growth the 15 µM Cu‐treated plants showed a reduction in the tolerance index (?40%) and in the above‐ground dry biomass (?19%). On the contrary, an increase in the below‐ground dry weight was observed (+35%). Copper accumulated during the growth period both in the below‐ and above‐ground parts (about 14 and 4 µg plant^?1 at 10 and 15 µM Cu, respectively), but the translocation decreased from 50 to 30% in the last week at all the concentrations used. In addition, cv. Rimbo grown in a multiple element [cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cu, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)] naturally‐contaminated site accumulated all elements in the above‐ground part in a range from 5 to 62 µg plant^?1.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic evidence for copper porphyrin in actinomycete melanins

The coordination chemistry of iron (III) (Fe³⁺) and copper (II) (Cu²⁺) in melanins synthesized by seven actinomycetes isolated from Brazilian latosol soils under savanna (cerrado) vegetation was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra indicated the presence of Cu²⁺ ions bound to oxygenated and nitrogenous functional groups, and rhombic coordinated Fe³⁺ ions. In some of the actinomycete melanins the EPR hyperfine splitting of Cu⁺² ion complexes was well resolved, and indicated four magnetically equivalent nitrogen atoms in a plane. This result suggested the presence of Cu⁺² porphyrin complexes, which was confirmed by Soret bands in the 400-nm region of the UV-Vis spectra. The concentration of Mn in actinomycete melanins, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, was lower than those of Cu and Fe. Received: 9 April 1997