农田黑土铜、锌吸附解吸特性分析

研究了铜、锌在双城、海伦、方正农田黑土中的吸附解吸行为.3地土壤吸附Cu2+、Zn2+的量均随着平衡液中Cu2+、Zn2+质量浓度的增加而增大.双城、海伦、方正农田黑土对Cu2+的吸附解吸行为用Freundlich方程拟合最佳,吸附态Cu2+的解吸有明显滞后现象,而且3地土壤吸附态Cu2+的解吸率均较低.供试土壤对Zn2+的吸附行为用Freundlich方程拟合最佳,而对Zn2+的解吸行为用Langmuir方程拟合最佳.     

真核细胞内的铜转运及平衡机制研究进展

以果蝇为例,阐述了铜在动物体内的摄入、分配、排泄以及转录水平调控过程。果蝇细胞对铜的摄取主要通过金属反应转录因子MTF调节转运蛋白Ctr与金属硫蛋白mt之间的表达调控铜离子的摄取。进入胞浆内的铜主要通过ATX1、CCS和Cox17这3种铜伴侣蛋白经3条不同途径进行转运和调节。金属硫蛋白与P型ATP7酶在铜的排泄中起重要作用。     

一株抗铜细菌的分离及其生物学特性的初步研究

[目的]从受铜污染的土壤中分离抗铜细菌。[方法]采集玉林市受铜污染的土壤9份,在培养基中加入不同浓度的Cu^2＋,经过不断的分离和驯化筛选耐铜细菌,根据其形态特征和生理生化特征进行初步鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究,包括生长曲线的测定、pH值和渗透压对其生长的影响;采用原子吸收分光光度法检测培养时间和pH值对该菌株去除Cu^2＋能力的影响。[结果]在玉林市德兴造纸厂排污口附近的土壤中筛选出一株耐铜细菌。编号为RCBl,其耐Cu^2＋水平迭500mg／L;根据其形态和生理生化特征初步鉴定该菌为生丝微菌属Hyphomicrobium;该茵在pH4～8生长良好,其中最适生长pH为6．0—7．2,在1％NaCI下生长良好。该菌株在培养24h、pH为7时,Cu^2＋去除率达到76％。[结论]不仅丰富了抗铜微生物方面的研究,也为铜污染水、土壤修复等工业化生产提供了重要菌株。     

铜完全抗原的合成·鉴定及单克隆抗体的制备

[目的]获得抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体。[方法]以异硫氰酸苄基乙二胺四乙酸（ITCBE）为双功能螯合剂,使Cu2＋分别与载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、卵清蛋白（OVA）偶联,获得免疫原（Cu-ITCBE-BSA）和检测原（Cu-ITCBE-OVA）。用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳鉴定偶联结果。免疫Balb/C小鼠,通过细胞融合,获得能稳定分泌抗Cu2＋的杂交瘤细胞株,并通过亲和层析法纯化腹水获得抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体。[结果]获得了1株能稳定分泌抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体的细胞株（4A6）,所分泌的抗体亚类为IgG1,细胞培养上清效价可达1∶1.0×103,腹水效价可达1∶6.4×105。以该细胞株接种Balb/C小鼠腹腔,获得抗Cu2＋的腹水型单抗;该腹水经过亲和层析法纯化后,纯度可达95%。[结论]获得了抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体,为环境水样中Cu2＋的免疫学检测奠定基础。     

吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂的研制及其防霉效果

通过吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂的研制,进行室内木材防霉试验,探究吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂对常见木腐菌的防治效果。结果表明:20%吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂较好的润湿、分散剂为602#、33#、500#,产品的各项指标都能够达到悬浮剂的要求。防霉试验结果表明:吡啶硫酮铜浓度为1%左右时对3种霉菌(烟曲霉、可可球二孢、产紫青霉)具有比较好的防治效力。     

膨润土对铜污染土壤酶活性的影响

为了研究膨润土对铜污染土壤的修复机理,通过油菜盆栽试验研究了粘土矿物膨润土对铜污染土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：随着铜污染程度的增加,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶的活性都受到不同程度的抑制。膨润土的施加能显著提高铜污染的土壤酶活性,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶的活性分别提高了6.4%~15.4%、4.0%~19.3%、1.26%~1.85%和4.6%~10.9%,且对4种酶活性的增加幅度为：碱性磷酸酶>脲酶>硝酸还原酶>过氧化氢酶,并表现出在高污染下对土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的增幅大于低浓度污染,在低浓度污染下对土壤过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶的增幅大于高浓度铜污染。说明膨润土对铜污染的土壤有一定的修复能力。     

石英砂-腐殖酸-Cupriavidus gilardii CR3复合体对铜离子的吸附特性及机理研究

[目的]研究pH、初始铜离子浓度和吸附时间对石英砂-腐殖酸-Cupriavidus gilardii CR3复合体吸附铜离子的影响。[方法]利用等温吸附模型和动力学模型拟合试验数据,通过测定复合体吸附铜离子前后的Zeta电位、扫描电子显微镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),研究吸附剂对铜离子的吸附特性及机理。[结果]pH是影响吸附能力的主要因素,静电作用可使复合体表面负电荷增多,提高吸附量。在最适pH(5.0)下,复合体对铜离子的最大吸附量为13.08 mg/g。复合体对铜离子的吸附过程符合化学单分子吸附的Langmuir模型和二级动力学模型。[结论]该研究认为静电作用和单分子化学吸附是石英砂-腐殖酸-Cupriavidus gilardii CR3复合体吸附铜离子的主要机制。     

Serum enzyme status of Chios ewes fed increasing amounts of copper from copper sulfate

This study aimed to evaluate effects of orally administered copper (Cu) to Chios sheep breed on serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), l-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate deydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in order to establish a practical and effective method in diagnosing the prehemolytic stage of chronic Cu poisoning. Eighteen ewes were allocated to three treatments of six ewes and fed a diet that contained 16.4 mg/day of Cu. Ewes in treatment Cu-0 received no additional Cu (control), while those in treatments Cu-60 and Cu-95 received 60 and 95 mg additional Cu/day, respectively, as an oral solution of copper sulfate. Therefore the ewes in treatment Cu-0, Cu-60 and Cu-95 consumed 16.4, 76.4 and 111.4 mg Cu/day, respectively. Serum enzyme levels were similar among treatments and all ewes remained clinically healthy until the end of the experiment. Results suggest that Chios ewes exhibit tolerance to Cu supplementation for up to 6 weeks.     

Effects of Long-Term Inorganic and Organic Fertilization on Soil Micronutrient Status

Soil micronutrients were studied on loess soil with an 18-year long-term experiment. The results indicated that total soil iron and copper contents were similar under all treatments, but total soil manganese and zinc contents were significantly greater at the surface soil in the fertilized plots than in the controls, and total manganese contents were significantly greater in the whole soil profile under manure plus inorganic fertilizers than under controls. Generally, application of inorganic fertilizers had no effects on available soil micronutrient contents. The straw plus inorganic fertilizers significantly increased available manganese content at surface soil and available iron in subsurface soils. However, manure plus inorganic fertilizers significantly augmented soil-available iron contents throughout the profile, and raised available manganese, copper, and zinc contents, respectively, at surface soil relative to controls. The results suggest that long-term input of organic amendments alter the properties of soil and increase its plant-available micronutrient contents.     

Assessment of pearl millet vs rice based diets for bioavailability of four trace metals

Cereals including millets are consumed in India as a staple with wide variety of pulses and vegetables in varying proportions. Trace mineral contents of pearl millet are two to ten times higher than that of rice. Comparative performance of pearl millet based (PM) diets as against rice based (RB) diets in terms of trace mineral bioavailability was studied, based on the prevailing dietary patterns in India. In vitro percent dialysability of zinc, iron, copper and manganese under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was considered as indicator of metal bioavailability. Dialysable zinc and iron were estimated using 65 Zn and 59 Fe as tracers, while dialysable copper and manganese were measured by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer for 20 food items and 15 RB and 17 PM diets prepared from these items. Results indicated that percent dialysability of zinc and copper was higher for RB diets than PM diets, while that of iron and manganese were comparable. Total dialysable iron, copper and manganese in PM diet was 2 to 4 times higher than RB diet.