铜离子对转基因和非转基因红鲤行为的影响

在构建转基因红鲤的基础上,采用生物预警系统比较和分析了非转基因和转基因红鲤(Cyprinus carpio)在不同铜离子浓度条件下的游速和活动范围的变化。转基因红鲤和非转基因红鲤孵育自同一批受精卵,转基因红鲤体长(5.31±0.64)cm、体重(3.40±0.55)g,非转基因红鲤体长(4.58±0.59)cm、体重(2.40±0.58)g。CuSO4的浓度设置0(对照)、5、15、25、35和45μg/L共6组。生物预警系统包括储水池、数字摄像仪和数据运算处理器,可以记录鱼的二维移动轨迹,并计算出鱼的平均游速。试验结果表明,非转基因和转基因红鲤的平均游速分别为:对照组1、1.57 BL/s,5μg/L组1.24、1.07 BL/s,15μg/L组1.61、1.03 BL/s,25μg/L组1.50、1.59 BL/s,35μg/L组1.62、1.61 BL/s,45μg/L组1.25、1.97BL/s。非转基因和转基因红鲤的活动范围:除35μg/L组外,其他组的坐标X值非转基因与转基因红鲤间差异都极显著(P<0.01);对照组、5和25μg/L浓度组,转基因红鲤坐标X值极显著高于非转基因红鲤;15和45μg/L浓度组,非转基因红鲤坐标X值极显著高于转基因红鲤。低于45μg/L时,铜离子没有对转基因和非转基因红鲤产生明显的毒性;在45μg/L浓度组,转基因红鲤对铜离子不敏感,而非转基因红鲤较敏感。     

牦牛血液铜锌超氧化物歧化酶cDNA克隆测序

本试验从牦牛血液中提取总RNA,然后用AMV反转录酶对其进行反转录产生第一条cDNA链。根据奶牛Cu/Zn-SODcDNA序列（序列号：NM174615）设计一对PCR引物,对反转录后产生的第一条cDNA链进行PCR扩增,并克隆测序,测序结果为483bp。结果证实可从牦牛血液中提取到少量合成的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的mRNA。     

铜源和铜水平对岢岚绒山羊生长发育和产绒性能的影响

为研究不同铜源和不同剂量铜对绒山羊生长发育、绒产量和绒品质的影响,选用体重相近的岢岚绒山羊6月龄青年母羊40只,随机分为5组,分别饲喂添加铜水平为0 mg.kg-1(对照组)、25 mg.kg-1和100 mg.kg-1DM硫酸铜2、5 mg.kg-1和100 mg.kg-1DM蛋氨酸铜的日粮,进行为期70 d的试验,其中预试期10 d。结果表明:日粮添加铜显著提高了岢岚绒山羊青年母羊的体重(P0.05),但其绒自然长度和绒细度不受铜添加水平的影响(P0.05)。添加25 mg.kg-1DM硫酸铜或蛋氨酸铜组显著提高了周岁母羊产绒量和绒的伸直长度。因此,在绒山羊青年母羊的日粮中,硫酸铜或蛋氨酸铜添加量以25 mg.kg-1DM为宜。     

Comparison of chemical treatments for reducing epiphytic Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi populations and for improving subsequent control of olive knot disease

The economic impact of the olive knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv) has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in high-density plantations. Here we report chemical control trials, performed in an olive grove planted with two susceptible cultivars, Arbequina and Picudo, over a four-year period. The effect of treatments made with copper oxychloride, cuprocalcic sulfate plus mancozeb or acibenzolar-S-methyl on the Psv populations and subsequent appearance of the disease were evaluated. Both copper treatments reduced the proportion of samples where Psv was isolated, and greatly reduced Psv populations in trees of cv. Picudo. The effect of copper on Psv populations was observed after the first application, but the greatest differences between copper-treated and untreated plants were observed in the third year, after five copper applications. No resistance to copper was detected in the remaining epiphytic Psv populations in treated plants. The average number of knots per plant was significantly lower in copper-treated plants than in untreated plants. By contrast, acibenzolar-S-methyl did not reduce either Psv populations or the disease during the study. These results support the usefulness of copper treatments for olive knot management. Results indicate that two copper treatments should be performed regularly under an integrated control program, especially in high-density groves, since their efficiency was demonstrated not only in decreasing olive knot incidence, but also in reducing Psv populations.     

铜胁迫对小麦幼苗细胞超微结构的影响

通过透射电子显微技术研究了25、100和200 mg/kg Cu对小麦幼苗根尖和叶片细胞超微结构的损伤.结果表明:25、100和200 mg/kgCu均对小麦幼苗细胞造成明显损伤.Cu胁迫导致根尖和叶片细胞产生质壁分离,细胞质浓缩;叶绿体膨胀,片层结构紊乱,被膜消失,解体;线粒体结构模糊,空泡化等.Cu胁迫浓度与对小麦细胞超徽结构的损伤程度呈一定的正相关性,且Cu对细胞各部位或各细胞器的损害程度不同,其叶线粒体对Cu反应最为敏感,而不同部位的细胞器对Cu的耐性反应也存在一定差异. Abstract： Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Technology was used to investigate the effect of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg copper on ultrastructure of root tip and leaf blade of wheat.Result showed that serious damage was found with Copper of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg.Plasmolysis,concentrated cytoplasm,chloroplast inflation,lamellar structure disturbance,capsule disappearance and disintegration,mitochondria structures ambiguity and vacuolization were all symptoms under Cu stress.There were positive correlation between concentration of coper stress and the degree of injury,and the degree ot injury of copper were different in different organelles.Mitochondria were the most sensitive organelles,and there was patient difference in the same organelles of different parts.     

Measurement of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ binding with mucilage exudates from maize (Zea mays L.) roots

Summary The pectic nature of root mucilages suggests a hypothetical action of these substances on heavy metal flux into the root. In this study the existence of relations between heavy metals and root mucilages were verified and quantified. In order to obtain substantial amounts of pure root mucilages, two methods of collection were developed, using: (1) maize plants grown in the field and (2) hydroponic axenic cultures. The study of mucilage-metal binding was conducted using the dialysis method, which was developed in a previous work. Results show that root mucilages are able to bind metals. The importance of the binding depends on the nature of the cation, following the order Pb > Cu > Cd. These reactions could be due to exchange processes involving mucilage cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and heavy metals. The role of mucilages on the retention of heavy metals in the rhizosphere is also discussed.     

三种有机肥水溶性分解产物对铜、镉吸附的影响

研究了稻草、紫云英和猪粪的水溶性分解产物对铜和镉的沉淀作用及其在红壤和潮土上的吸附影响。结果表明三种水溶性分解产物对铜镉的沉淀及吸附有双重效应：铬合效应和ｐＨ提高效应。在相同的ｐＨ值条件下,有机分解产物通过络合作用而不同程度地抑制了铜和镉的沉淀作用及其在两种土壤上的吸附。由于铜具有较强的形成络合物的能力,所以有机分解产物对铜的抑制效果对于镉的抑制效果。吸附等温线表明,在不调节ｐＨ时,三种有机分解产     

有机物和外源铜对小白菜生长及铜含量的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同有机物料和外源铜浓度对小白菜（Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis L.）生长和铜含量分布的影响.结果表明,随着外源铜浓度的升高,在不加有机物料时,小白菜株高、单株株鲜重和单株根鲜重均呈下降趋势;在施不同有机物料下,低浓度外源铜对小白菜生长表现出一定的促进作用,但高浓度下仍表现为抑制.不同有机物料均不同程度地促进了小白菜生长,且对地下部促进作用好于对地上部.不同有机物料处理下,小白菜地上部和地下部铜含量均随外源铜浓度升高而增加.除鸡粪、猪粪和泥炭外,施用其余供试有机物料均不同程度降低小白菜地上部和地下部铜含量,且以玉米秸降低幅度最大,其次为草坪草.小白菜地下部铜含量高于地上部,猪粪和风化煤增加了小白菜地上部与地下部铜含量的比值,其余供试有机物料降低了小白菜地上部与地下部铜含量的比值.     

EDTA螯合铜胁迫对旱柳生长和生理特性的影响

[目的]为了研究旱柳在EDTA螯合不同浓度Cu2+胁迫条件下生长和生理特性的变化。[方法]设置7种Cu2+浓度,分为添加EDTA和不添加EDTA2组,土壤培养60 d后测定旱柳的各种生理指标。[结果]旱柳在供试的7种不同的Cu2+浓度的土壤中都可生长。随着Cu2+浓度的上升,植株高度表现为先上升后下降的趋势,叶绿素含量表现为随浓度的上升而呈现先上升后下降的趋势。不同浓度的Cu2+溶液胁迫对旱柳中丙二醛含量的影响表现为先上升后下降再上升。Cu2+溶液对旱柳叶片的CAT酶活性存在一定的影响,随着Cu2+溶液浓度的升高,未添加EDTA的处理组旱柳叶片的CAT酶活性呈上升趋势,添加了EDTA的处理组中的旱柳叶片的CAT酶活性呈现先下降后上升的趋势。[结论]在添加EDTA的试验组中,旱柳叶片的各种生理指标都优于未添加EDTA的试验组,EDTA有助于缓解铜胁迫对旱柳的影响。     

有机物料对黄壤性质及外源铜有效性的影响

[目的]探讨有机物料对黄壤主要理化性质及外源铜有效性的影响。[方法]采用动态培养法研究4种有机物料对黄壤主要理化性质及外源铜有效性的影响。[结果]猪粪和玉米秸秆处理使黄壤pH值升高,但随着培养时间的延长这种影响减弱。泥炭和风化煤处理对土壤pH值影响不大。各有机物料的加入均使土壤活性铁和络合铁含量显著增高,且玉米秸秆和猪粪处理对土壤活性铁含量的影响更为突出;各有机物料的加入对活性铝和络合铝的影响不显著,但风化煤处理与泥炭和猪粪处理间的活性铝含量变化存在显著差异。有机物料的加入降低了土壤中外源铜的有效性,并随时间的增长降低得更明显,且泥炭和风化煤的影响强于猪粪和玉米秸秆。[结论]该试验为有机物料对土壤铜含量影响机制的研究作出一定补充。