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[目的]研究玉米秸秆液化及树脂化的工艺条件,进而提高玉米秸秆资源的利用价值及开辟玉米秸秆利用的新途径.[方法]以苯酚为液化剂、磷酸为催化剂对玉米秸秆进行液化,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定玉米秸秆液化的最优工艺;然后对液化产物进行树脂化,利用单因素试验确定树脂化工艺.[结果]玉米秸秆液化的最优工艺条件:液化温度150℃、液化时间165 min、固液比3∶13、磷酸用量10%,该液化工艺条件下,玉米秸秆液化残渣率为l2.1%;树脂化工艺条件:甲醛与液化产物摩尔比1.8、NaOH与液化产物摩尔比0.35、树脂化合成温度85℃、保温时间40 min、水与液化产物摩尔比8.0,该工艺条件下可生产获得综合性能较好的玉米秸秆液化物树脂,用其压制的胶合板干状强度1.788 MPa、湿状强度0.812 MPa,胶合强度符合国家标准(GB/T 17657-1999)对Ⅰ类胶合板的要求(≥0.700MPa).[结论]以玉米秸秆液化产物制备的酚醛树脂胶黏剂可用于木材加工. 相似文献
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QI Peng-fei WEI Yu-ming Ouellet Therese CHEN Qing WANG Zhao WEI Zhen-zhen ZHENG You-liang 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):290-298
γ-Gliadins are an important component of wheat seed storage proteins. Four novel γ-gliadin genes (Gli-ngl to Gli-ng4) were cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Aegilops species. The novel γ-gliadins were much smaller in molecular size when compared to the typical γ-gliadins, which was caused by deletion of the non-repetitive domain, glutamine-rich region, 3" part of the repetitive domain, and 5' part of the C-terminal, possibly due to illegitimate recombination between the repetitive domain and the C-terminal. As a result, Gli-ngl and Gli-ng4 only contained two and three cysteine residues, respectively. Gli-ngl, as the representative of novel γ-gliadin genes, has been sub-cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS- PAGE indicated that the both cysteine residues of Gli-ngl could participate in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vitro. Successful cloning of Gli-ngl from seed cDNA of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring suggested that these novel γ-gliadin genes were normally transcribed during the development of seeds. Phylogenic analysis indicated that the four novel γ-gliadin genes had a closer relationship with those from the B (S) genome of wheat. 相似文献
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Cao Jin-zhen Yu Li-li You Xiao-di Kamdem D. Pascal 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(4):239-245
In order to clarify the interaction between copper and wood substances in wood treated with copper containing water-borne wood preservatives, the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss factor ε″ of untreated wood and wood treated with four concentration levels of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) solutions were determined within a temperature range from –100 to 40°C and a frequency range from 100 to 1 MHz. Three dielectric relaxation processes were observed in the ε″ spectrum; among them R-I is based on the reorientation of methylol groups in the amorphous region of wood cell walls and R-II is related to wood extractives. R-III appeared in Cu-EA treated wood, and its magnitude decreases with the concentration of Cu-EA solutions used in this experiment. This relaxation process was considered to be based on the reorientation of copper-ethanolamine-wood complexes in wood cell walls. At low copper retention, the hydrogen in the complex can form hydrogen bonding with adjacent hydroxyl groups, which results in a strong bonding state between copper and wood; at high copper retention, the numerous copper-ethanolamine complexes not only hinder them from forming hydrogen bonding with adjacent wood molecules due to steric hindrance, but also weaken the interaction between wood molecules themselves, which corresponds to reducing ε″ values of both R-I and R-III processes. The results explain the fact of in-creasing copper leaching in wood treated with high concentration copper-based water-borne preservatives. 相似文献
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含铜氮配键腰果酚醛缩聚物的特性及表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
腰果酚醛树脂中含有较活泼的酚羟基,略显酸性,易受碱的腐蚀。先由共缩聚法得到以苯胺改性的腰果酚醛缩聚物,再使之与CuCl2反应,合成含铜一氮配键腰果酚醛缩聚物。用IR、动态粘弹谱(DMTA)、TG和其他手段对产物的结构和理化性能进行表征。结果表明,金属铜离子与苯胺分子中氮原子形成配位健,增大了涂膜内部的交联度,使分子链间形成更大的网状结构。因此,含铜-氮配键腰果酚醛涂膜的物理机械性能、热稳定性、耐化学介质尤其是耐碱性能得到很大的改善。 相似文献
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Effects of different forms and origins of oilseeds on dynamics of ruminal biohydrogenation of long‐chain fatty acids in vitro
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A. Hoffmann H. Steingass M. Schollenberger H. Terry K. Hartung E. Weiss R. Mosenthin 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(6):1031-1038
Dietary unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are intensively hydrogenated in the rumen, resulting in reduced amount of poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and accumulation of several biohydrogenation (BH) products. In this study, BH of PUFA originating from different oilseeds (linseed, soya beans, sunflower seed and rapeseed) present in crushed oilseeds or their free oils were assessed in vitro. The assay substrates were incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. After incubation, the FA pattern of the incubated samples was analysed using gas chromatography. Biohydrogenation is defined as disappearance of double bonds (DB) calculated from the contents of unsaturated FA. After 24‐h incubation, the DB contents of all oilseeds were reduced (p < 0.001) by 40–60%. The reduction was higher (p < 0.001) for the crushed form compared with the oil form. In addition, linseed and sunflower seed known as oilseeds with high contents of linolenic acid C18:3 c9,12,15 (LNA) and linoleic acid C18:2 c9,12 (LA), respectively, showed a higher (p < 0.001) accumulation of the BH intermediates conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, isomer C18:2 c9t11) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) for the crushed form, when compared with the oil. These results suggest an inherent effect of the physical form of the assay oilseeds on in vitro BH. Changes in FA pattern during BH in vitro can be attributed to both source and physical form of the assay oilseeds. However, further investigations are warranted to ensure whether the observed in vitro effects on ruminal BH can be confirmed in vivo. 相似文献
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Mariko Mochizuki Masahiro Osada Katsumi Ishioka Takako Matsubara Yutaka Momota Norio Yumoto Toshinori Sako Shinji Kamiya Itaru Yoshimura 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):323-329
The understanding of animal products and dairy farming is important for the promotion of dairy farming. Thus, to examine the effects of farm experience on the understanding of animal products and the management of dairy farming, the interaction between students and dairy cows was investigated in groups of first‐year veterinary nursing students in 2011 and 2012 (n = 201). These students included 181 women and 20 men. Nine items about dairy cows were presented in a questionnaire. The survey was performed before and after praxis on the educational farm attached to the authors' university. After praxis on the farm, increases occurred in the number of positive responses to the items involving the price of milk, dairy farming and the taste of milk. For these items, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the scores obtained before and after training. The results of the study suggested that farm experience is useful for improving the understanding of animal products and dairy farming. 相似文献
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用12-溴-13,14-双硝基脱氢松香酸甲酯合成了一种新型的有机小分子凝胶因子1,4a-二甲基-6-溴-1,2,3,4,4a,17,18,18a-八氢萘基[2,1-h]二吡啶并[3,2-a:2,3-c]吩嗪甲酸甲酯(DBNPM),通过1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和IR等表征手段对产物结构进行了表征。为了考察此小分子凝胶因子的自组装行为,研究了该分子在不同有机溶剂中的成胶性能和形貌。研究发现,在甲醇中临界成胶浓度(CGC)最低,为0.5 g/L;但是在二氧六环中凝胶性质最为稳定。扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示,从甲醇溶剂中得到的干胶呈片状结构,从二氧六环溶剂中得到的干胶呈网状结构;通过红外光谱和XRD测试研究证实,该化合物分子间的氢键是凝胶化的重要驱动力之一。 相似文献