退耕还林区域中华鼢鼠防治试验

通过对永登县退耕还林区域中华鼢鼠形态特征、生活习性、发生规律及危害程度的调查,采用不同的防治方法进行试验,分析结果得出:鼢鼠活动频繁时应以药剂诱杀为主要防治方法,进行大面积灭鼠;其它时间采用熏杀法和人工地箭法进行辅助防治.     

Regeneration of mixed deciduous forest in a Dutch forest-heathland, following a reduction of ungulate densities

The conversion of single-species coniferous forest stands into mixed stands by promoting the natural regeneration of indigenous broadleaved tree species was studied in a forest-heathland on the Veluwe, in the central part of the Netherlands. Red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) had a large impact on regeneration dynamics, as was established by comparing 20 pairs of fenced and unfenced plots (40 × 40 m) during a 10-year period. A fivefold reduction of total herbivore biomass to 500 kg per km², resulted in a strong increase of shrub and tree sapling numbers in all vegetation types. However, height growth of the most palatable broadleaved tree species was still strongly impeded. Under the present-day grazing pressure, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) will become the dominant canopy species in the forests in the near future. It is argued that the most browse-sensitive woody species such as pedunculate and sessile oak (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) will successfully regenerate, only if temporal and spatial variation in browsing pressure is allowed to occur.     

中国耕地资源的基本态势及其近年来数量变化研究

耕地资源作为农业最主要的生产资料和农民最直接的劳动对象,是构成粮食综合生产能力的最基本要素之一,实现中国粮食安全的基础和保证。在分析中国耕地资源的现状、1996年以来中国耕地数量减少的途径进行分析的基础上,指出造成中国耕地非农化无序流转的主要原因在于盲目的城市化、土地管理法制化建设滞后、利益驱动、执法和监管不力等方面。     

安徽省退耕还林工程建设现状及发展展望

退耕还林工程在建设和保护生态环境中起着极其重要的作用。安徽省自退耕还林工程实施以来,共有17市84个县均不同程度的参与到退耕还林工程建设中,截止到2009年,安徽省已完成退耕地造林面积330.86万亩,其中生态林建设面积305.6万亩,经济林建设面积25.26万亩;主要造林树种包括16类,淮北平原区造林树种为4类,江淮丘陵区为10类,沿江丘陵区为13类,皖南山区16类,大别山区为10类;杨树在造林中所占的比例为最大,达到145.66万亩;造林保存率均达到97.7%。     

One or Two Feeders for Groups of 16 Growing–Finishing Pigs: Effects on Health and Production

Over a 3-year period, seven batches of growing-finishing pigs in groups of 16 pigs (total 672 pigs) were fed using one or two singlespace feeders. The pigs with access to two feeders had a significantly lower number of skin lesions (P<0.0001) and higher daily weight gain than did the pigs with access to one feeder (863 vs. 837 g day- 1 , P<0.05). The within-pen variation in daily weight gain was higher in the pens with one feeder than in the pens with two feeders (SD 139 vs. 106g day- 1 , P<0.0001). The pigs with access to two feeders consumed more feed during the period when they were allowed to eat ad libitum , in comparison to the pigs with access to one feeder (2.07 vs. 1.97 kg day- 1 , P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the pigs did not differ between the two treatments. No differences in carcass meat percentage, health or number of remarks at slaughter were detected. A comparison was made between using computerized IVOG® feeders, with individual recording of feed intake, and conventional feeders. The feed conversion ratio was poorer for the pigs fed with the IVOG-feeders than for those fed with conventional feeders. The automatic recordings from the IVOG-system showed that there had been a higher daily feed intake during the ad libitum period. During the restricted period the pigs had a lower daily weight gain than with the conventional feeders.     

深入践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生动实践——四川退耕还林工程建设20周年综述

今年是四川在全国率先实施退耕还林工程20周年。文章阐述了20年来工程建设历程和建设成效,归纳出六条"四川经验"。     

Avoiding medical error during electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: Prevention of unsynchronized shock delivery

Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation is now commonly performed in veterinary medicine. Successful timing of the delivery of energy is important in order to avoid ventricular fibrillation. This brief communication describes how to ensure that proper energy delivery is performed.     

Modified complementation test of male sterility mutants in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): preliminary study to convert male sterility system from GMS to CMS

The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding. Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general restorer for both CMS and GMS systems.     

新一轮土地利用规划数据转换与指标分解方法探索——以贵阳市修文县为例

掌握规划基数分类体系与土地现状分类（过渡期）分类体系对应关系,规划基数转换按分类释义和转换对应关系直接转换,运用信息系统管理学原理、采用“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的方法,对规划年各类用地各项指标按比例法、权重法和综合分析法进行分解。通过用转换的规划基数对土地利用数量、土地利用结构、土地利用区域差异、土地利用空间变化的分析,在上级各类用地指标控制下,对修文县各乡镇的土地需求进行合理调控,统筹安排,应用MAPGIS软件,采用转换的2005年规划基数绘制1：1万乡镇土地利用现状图和1：1万乡镇土地利用规划图。     

黄土高原典型流域退耕还林土地利用变化及其合理性评价

黄土高原大规模退耕还林使得该区土地利用结构发生了深刻变化,区域生态环境得到了明显改善。研究由此引起的土地利用变化及其合理性,对于加快黄土高原植被恢复、控制黄河泥沙以及实现区域经济社会可持续发展等具有十分重要的理论意义和应用价值。该文应用遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术对黄土高原典型流域清水河流域2000-2014年土地利用变化特征进行了分析,并通过构建判别准则体系对土地利用变化的合理性进行了评价。结果表明,该流域实施退耕还林工程以来,土地利用结构发生了重大变化,主要土地利用类型耕地、园地、林地和草地的比例由2000年的1:0.06:2.05:3.95大幅度调整至2014年的1:3.22:12.03:5.51,其变化经历了3个阶段:2000-2005年以退耕还林及其配套措施为主,重点突出了工程的生态效益,土地利用变化合理度为78.60%,属于低度合理;2006-2009年在继续推进荒山造林和封禁的同时,大力开展基本农田与果园建设,兼顾了生态、经济与社会效益,土地利用变化合理度为91.71%,进入高度合理状态;2010-2014年进一步加大苹果产业发展力度,重点突出了经济效益,土地利用变化合理度为95.20%,延续了高度合理态势。建议新一轮退耕还林工程应注意严格控制新的退耕,保护经营好现有林地,适当控制园地规模。