Organic farming fosters agroecosystem functioning in Argentinian temperate soils: Evidence from litter decomposition and soil fauna

Benefits of organic farming on soil fauna have been widely observed and this has led to consider organic farming as a potential approach to reduce the environmental impact of conventional agriculture. However, there is still little evidence from field conditions about direct benefits of organic agriculture on soil ecosystem functioning. Hence, the aims of this study were to compare the effect of organic farming versus conventional farming on litter decomposition and to study how this process is affected by soil meso- and macrofauna abundances. Systems studied were: (1) organic farming with conventional tillage (ORG), (2) conventional farming with conventional tillage (CT), (3) conventional farming under no-tillage (NT), and (4) natural grassland as control system (GR). Decomposition was determined under field conditions by measuring weight loss in litterbags. Soil meso- and macrofauna contribution on decomposition was evaluated both by different mesh sizes and by assessing their abundances in the soil. Litter decomposition was always significantly higher after 9 and 12 months in ORG than in CT and NT (from 2 to 5 times in average), regardless decomposer community composition and litter type. Besides, mesofauna, macrofauna and earthworm abundances were significantly higher in ORG than in NT and CT (from 1.6 to 3.8, 1.7 to 2.3 and 16 to 25 times in average, respectively for each group). These results are especially relevant firstly because the positive effect of ORG in a key soil process has been proved under field conditions, being the first direct evidence that organic farming enhances the decomposition process. And secondly because the extensive organic system analyzed here did not include several practices which have been recognized as particularly positive for soil biota (e.g. manure use, low tillage intensity and high crop diversity). So, this research suggests that even when those practices are not applied, the non-use of agrochemicals is enough to produce positive changes in soil fauna and so in decomposition dynamics. Therefore, the adoption of organic system in an extensive way can also be suggested to farmers in order to improve ecosystem functioning and consequently to achieve better soil conditions for crop production.     

中职学校德育课课程改革初探

随着新一轮的中职学校德育课课程改革的深入开展和中职学生主体意识的增强,传统的德育课教学有许多方面需要进一步改进和完善.在中职学校德育课教学中实施高效良性的师生互动,能提高德育课的教学实效和学生的思想道德素质,为学生职业生涯发展奠定基础.     

职中数学的教学与教法研究

教学中,在备课时,要围绕教学目标选择教学策略、方法、媒体进行必要的内容重组.在数学教学中要通过师生的共同努力,使学生在知识、能力、技能、心理、思想品德等方面达到预定的目标,以提高学生的综合素质.     

高职院校《国际市场营销》课程案例教学法的运用

在高职院校《国际市场营销》课程教学中采用案例教学法是高职教育培养高素质、国际化人才的必然要求。文章首先阐述了《国际市场营销》课程中运用案例教学法的意义，并分析了当前该课程运用案例教学法普遍存在的问题，最后有针对性地提出了运用与实施该教学方法的条件和要求。     

电子技术实践教学中创新能力的培养

培养学生的创新能力是一个复杂的系统工程,它需要各学科密切协调,需要教师全员参与。本文阐述了在电子技术实践教学中,通过改革基础实验教学和课程设计,开放实验室等教学途径,有效的提高学生的实践能力,培养学生的创新意识和创新能力。     

交通运输专业实践教学管理与改革研究

从交通运输专业实践教学体系的结构与作用出发,分析我校交通运输专业实践教学的现状及存在的问题,对交通运输专业实践教学内容和管理进行研究：从优化实践教学内容、完善实践教学体系、加强实践教学管理等方面,探讨交通运输专业实践教学管理与改革的具体任务及措施,为提高交通运输专业实践教学质量和取得较好的教学效果提供保障。     

高校师范生专业素养提升的环境要素分析

河南省第十二届师范生教学技能大赛于2014年11月7日至9日在河南新乡举办,参赛选手以先进的教学理念、娴熟的教学技能于流畅的语言表达,展示了扎实的学科基本功和良好的精神面貌。郑州师范学院参赛选手虽准备充分,全情投入,但终因微弱劣势未获理想成绩。大赛让学生打开了视野,增长了见识,锻炼了队伍,发现了问题并明确了努力方向。作为此项赛事的亲历者,现结合大赛情况就郑州师范学院教学质量提升进行研究反思,以期抛砖引玉。     

武术套路“创新”教学方法研究

随着社会以及教育模式的不断发展与改进,武术的教育方法也需要与时俱进。综合前人对武术教学方法的研究与创新,提出了武术创新教学方法,包括分组分层教学、情境教学、诱导教学等。     

动物生理学实验教学单独设课之重要性

在高校的动物生理学教学中,实验教学是其中的一个重要组成部分。作为课堂教学的重要辅助和补充,动物生理实验教学效果对课堂教学具有极大的驱动作用。为突出动物生理实验教学的重要性,对动物生理学实验施行单独设课,这是考查理论教学效果、促进实验课教学质量的一种重要措施。     

数控加工一体化教学实践与探索

文章介绍了一种全新的教学模式——数控加工一体化教学模式,从他的内涵出发,分析了其在实践中所具有的优势,发现其中的不足,并提出一些参考性意见,希望能为数控人才的培养提供参考,促进数控机床加工技术的发展进步。