利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP研究稻瘟病菌与水稻的互作

稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae严重威胁水稻的产量与质量,明确稻瘟病菌与水稻互作过程及机理,对防治稻瘟病具有重要意义。本研究利用稻瘟病菌常用致病菌株GUY11和ZB25,构建了绿色荧光蛋白GFP的过量表达菌株,并通过荧光显微观察菌株侵染寄主水稻过程中侵染结构的形成与发育,包括孢子萌发、附着胞形成、侵染钉形成、侵染菌丝增殖、坏死斑形成及产孢。另外,通过比较过量表达菌株对稻瘟病高抗水稻和易感水稻的侵染过程,发现侵染过程的差异主要集中于侵染钉的穿透和侵染菌丝的定殖。本研究为分析稻瘟病菌对寄主水稻的定殖规律提供了一种有效工具。     

广东省国标优质杂交稻育种进展

整理了2002～2007年共6年12季的广东省杂交稻区试资料,分析了2002年后广东省国标优质杂交稻的育种状况,以及国标优质杂交稻育种中存在的突出问题.     

Multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua as natural‐product‐based herbicide leads

BACKGROUND: Fifteen novel derivatives of D‐DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C‐2 and N‐4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS) evaluated. This strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. An evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua is reported here. RESULTS: All compounds showed inhibition profiles on the two species Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. and Avena fatua L. The most marked effects were caused by 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, 6F‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA, 6Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA and 6Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA. The IC₅₀ values for the systems Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa and Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum for all compounds were compared. The compound that showed the greatest selectivity for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa was 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, which was 15 times more selective than the commercial herbicide propanil (Cotanil‐35). With regard to the system Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum, the compounds that showed the highest selectivities were 8Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA. The results obtained for 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA are of great interest because of the high phytotoxicity to Avena fatua (IC₅₀ = 6 µM , r² = 0.9616). CONCLUSION: The in vitro phytotoxicity profiles and selectivities shown by the compounds described here make them candidates for higher‐level studies. 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli‐Oryza sativa and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for Avena fatua‐Triticum aestivum were the most interesting compounds. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯的效果及技术

宜昌市于2007秋在枝江市示范种植稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯36.67 hm2举办核心示范样板3.33 hm2.平均每公顷产鲜薯19695 kg、纯收入19997.4元,整个示范区平均每公顷纯收入15000元以上,其主要栽培要点是备好种薯、适时播种、施足底肥、保证密度、盖好稻草、精心田管、搞好化调.     

杂交中稻应用配方推荐施肥的增产效果

为了提高农民施肥水平,对杂交中稻进行了习惯施肥与2种推荐施肥的对比试验。结果表明：杂交中稻配方推荐施肥处理较习惯施肥增产1 507.5 kg/hm^2,增收2 412元/hm^2,增产率为22.2%;而增施硅肥可增产135.0 kg/hm^2,增产率为1.6%,增产效果不显著。配方推荐施肥经济效益显著,可大面积推广应用。     

河南省优质旱稻高产栽培技术

从品种选用、种子处理、化学除草、平衡施肥、合理灌溉和病虫害综合防治等方面,介绍了河南旱稻高产栽培技术体系。     

水稻粒宽突变体gw87的基因定位及候选基因分析

[目的]对水稻粒宽突变体gw87(grain width 87)进行表型鉴定、遗传分析、基因定位及候选基因分析,为探明该基因调控水稻籽粒大小的分子机制及应用潜力奠定基础.[方法]利用甲基磺酸乙酯诱变籼稻恢复系材料676R,获得一份籽粒宽度和千粒重显著增加的突变体gw87.对该突变体进行表型观察、农艺性状调查及外源油菜素...     

江汉平原盛夏低温过程对中稻结实的影响

为了解异常温度变化过程对农业生产的危害,采用作物与气象要素平行观测分析法初步分析了近10 a江汉平原盛夏低温过程对处于穗始分化期至灌浆期的中稻结实的影响.结果表明,若期间日平均气温24 h降幅达5℃以上,或多日连续降幅达7℃以上,其空秕率可达15%或以上,而且有降幅越大空秕率越高的趋势.     

不同施氮水平对机插和覆膜机插水稻生长和产量的影响

为明确不同施氮水平下生物可降解膜覆盖对机插水稻生长和产量的影响,2019年和2020年在中国水稻研究所富阳试验基地开展大田试验,设置普通机插条件下0及13 kg/667 m2两个氮肥水平,生物可降解膜覆盖机插种植下13 kg/667 m2和11 kg/667 m2两个氮肥水平.结果 表明,相同施氮量下,与不覆膜相比,覆...