播期·钾肥及钙硼比对油菜根肿病的控病效应研究

[目的]为了明确不同的播期、钾肥和钙硼比例对油菜根肿病的控制效果。[方法]通过3因素5水平二次通用旋转组合设计方案,建立回归模型及对其进行解析、寻优和频数分析。[结果]结果表明,所设各试验因素对油菜根肿病控病效应的大小顺序为播种期（X1）〉钾肥（X3）〉钙硼比（X2）。[结论]3因素对防治油菜根肿病的最优配比方案：播种期为10月10日或者11日,钙硼比[氢氧化钙Ca（OH）2/硼砂]比值为26.85,钾肥（KCl）8.37 g/m^2。     

控制生殖生长对丹参根有效成分含量的影响

[目的]为了探讨控制生殖生长对丹参根有效成分含量以及单株根的干物质积累动态变化的影响。[方法]2004年9月-2005年12月的田间试验中,采取全部摘除花序处理控制丹参根的生殖生长,每10 d摘一次。不作任何处理的为对照。采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法等测定摘除花序后丹参根总丹参酮、丹参酮IIΑ和丹酚酸Β含量以及单株干鲜重。[结果]除7月外,其余各月控制生殖生长丹参根总丹参酮、丹参酮IIA、丹酚酸B的含量,单株鲜重和折干率均比对照显著增加。11月摘花序后丹参根总丹参酮、丹参酮IIA、丹酚酸B的含量、单株鲜重和折干率分别比对照增加提高28.12%、15.49%、9.78%、22.82%和34.12%。[结论]该研究为丹参规范化栽培提供了理论依据。     

3种植物精油对小眼书虱的控制作用

采用索氏提取法,以乙醚作为有机溶剂提取辣椒、柑桔皮、臭椿皮精油,详细研究了其对小眼书虱的控制作用。结果表明:3种植物精油中臭椿皮精油和辣椒精油对小眼书虱具有明显的驱避作用,而柑桔皮精油对小眼书虱具有非常显著的引诱作用;3种植物精油对小眼书虱均未表现出一定的触杀作用;3种植物精油对小眼书虱均有一定的熏蒸作用,其中,辣椒精油的熏蒸作用最强。     

32%苯噻酰苄乙防除稻田杂草的效果

[目的]探索新型、高效除草剂的有效、安全使用技术。[方法]进行了多种除草剂对沿江圩区稻田杂草防除的药效试验。[结果]32%苯噻酰苄乙WP是苯噻酰草胺、苄磺隆、乙草胺的复配剂,比乙草胺安全,比53%苯噻酰苄价格低,具有杀草谱广、作用时间长、施用方便、对水稻安全的特点。[结论]在水稻移栽(活棵)后,用32%苯噻酰苄乙WP 750~900 g/hm2拌毒土或尿素撒施,对稻田主要杂草稗草、千金子、多花水苋、碎米莎草的防除效果可稳定在85%以上,对水稻安全。     

农业面源污染现状与控制措施

农业面源污染是目前影响农村生态环境质量的重要污染源,成为我国现代农业发展的瓶颈。综述了农业面源污染的来源及污染现状,分析了农业面源污染所带来的危害,提出了控制农业面源污染的措施与建议。     

吉林省绿豆象防治技术研究

为了经济有效地防治绿豆象对绿豆等豆类的危害,根据绿豆象的习性和发生规律,选择在田间对绿豆构成威胁的重要时期,使用具有熏蒸、触杀作用的药剂,对有豆象成虫活动的绿豆田进行处理。在室内用多种不同的药物和方法对接虫绿豆进行防治试验,取得较好效果。     

Ecological sustainability and the use of chemicals: Is ecotoxicological risk assessment doing its job properly? An introduction to chemical time bombs

Ten million chemical substances are registered scientifically, but only 1 per cent, 100000, are known to be traded internationally, and only a fraction of these are assessed to establish (eco)toxicological risks through international and national authorities. Only a few of the substances are natural or systemic; most are xenobiotic and poorly evaluated with respect to their environmental effects. It is not only the chemical accidents that make newspaper headlines, but the creeping accumulation of pollutants in soils, sediments and groundwater which degrade the environment for future generations. Ecotoxicological risk assessment still neglects this ‘hidden pollution’, as it usually deals only with the bioavailable fractions of chemicals in the environment. the ‘lost’ (residue) fractions, however, can have non-linear and time-delayed effects (chemical time bombs). As governments need to protect their natural resources (soils, sediments, groundwaters) against negative impacts from chemicals, an ecosystem approach May, help them to overcome the shortsightedness of current ‘acute’ ecotoxico-logical risk assessments. the Netherlands' risk philosophy on chemicals in the environment is discussed as an example. the National Environmental Policy Plan-2 (1994) stresses the chain of events associated with a chemical from the raw material, The side effects of its transport, production, use and disposal, to its final effects in the ecosystem, including the time-delayed responses of pollution. a revised ecotoxicological assessment policy under the new NEPP will have to take account of such chemical time bombs.