宁波市连作晚稻机插技术研究

为了研究多项技术改进措施对宁波市机插晚稻增产的整合效应并分析增产原因,对现行机插技术与原机插技术进行了研究对比。现行技术使绿叶数和发根力等秧苗素质及经济性状得到了显著提升,产量达501.79kg/667m2,比原技术高17.48%。     

Limited but specific variations of seed storage proteins in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The electrophoretic banding patterns ofgliadin in common wheat lines derived fromJapan were determined byacid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For the 107 wheat lines used in our study,27 different patterns were identified, 13corresponding to the -gliadin, 8 tothe , -gliadin and 6 to the-gliadin. The gliadin patterns ofJapanese wheat cultivars and landracesgreatly differed from the patterns of wheatlines from other countries, and thevariation seen in wheat lines from Japanwas limited to 46 patterns. Sevencollection or breeding areas in Japanshowed different frequencies in theirgliadin patterns. Combining the gliadinpatterns with high molecular weightglutenin subunit compositions, 67combinations were observed. One gliadinpattern consisting of -gliadinpattern F, , -gliadinpattern H and -gliadin pattern Dwas frequently found in many Japanese wheatlines, though the other patterns werelimited to only one or two wheat lines.     

Impact of waterlogging and temperature on autumn growth,hardening and freezing tolerance of timothy (Phleum pratense)

Precipitation has generally increased in Norway during the last century, and climate projections indicate a further increase. The growing season has also become longer with higher temperatures, particularly in autumn. Previous studies have shown negative effects of high temperatures and, depending upon temperature conditions, contrasting effects of waterlogging on hardening capacity of timothy. We studied effects of waterlogging on seedlings of timothy (Phleum pratense, cv. Noreng) under three pre-acclimation temperatures: 3°C, 7°C, 12°C, and in autumn natural light in a phytotron at Holt, Tromsø (69°N). After temperature treatments, all plants were cold acclimated at 2°C for three weeks under continued waterlogging treatments. Freezing tolerance was determined by intact plants being frozen in pots at incremental temperature decreases in a programmable freezer. Waterlogging resulted in a higher probability of death after freezing, and a significantly reduced regrowth after three weeks at 18°C, 24 hrs light in a greenhouse. Increasing pre-acclimation temperatures also had a clear negative effect on freezing tolerance, but there was no interaction between temperatures and waterlogging. The results indicate that waterlogging may have negative implications for hardening of timothy and may contribute to reduced winter survival under the projected increase in autumn temperatures and precipitation.     

液相芯片技术在动物疫病检测中的研究进展

液相芯片技术是整合了激光技术、流式细胞仪、数字信号处理和传统化学技术的一种新型生物分子检测技术,目前广泛应用于各种免疫分析和核酸检测中。液相芯片技术支持单重和多重分析,可在多种测定方法中对蛋白质和核酸靶标进行高通量检测,具有高通量、操作简单、适用范围广、重复性好、特异性高、所需样品量少、更灵敏稳定、成本低等优点,正逐渐代替传统检测和定量病原体的工具,如实时荧光定量PCR扩增检测系统（qPCR）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）等检测方法。动物传染病严重危害着养殖业健康发展,一些诸如高致病性禽流感的人畜共患病对人类健康造成了严重威胁。高效灵敏的诊断系统将有助于在传染病暴发期间筛选大量样本,防止感染扩散。液相芯片技术的发展为高通量检测和疾病的预防提供了新的平台。作者简要概述了液相芯片技术的原理和优点,重点阐述了液相芯片技术在检测动物疫病,包括猪病、禽病、兔病、犬病、啮齿类动物和其他动物疫病方面的研究进展。相信今后液相芯片技术会成为临床诊断、基础研究、新药开发、司法鉴定、食品卫生监督、生物武器防范等领域的一项重要分析检测技术,该技术的发展将大大推动生命科学研究与进步。     

东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓兼捕鲨鱼种类及其渔获量分析

2003年7月-11月份期间,对东太平洋公海海域(03°S~17°S,96°W~146°W)的超低温金枪鱼延绳钓兼捕鲨鱼进行调查。发现共兼捕到9种鲨鱼,分别是尖吻鲭鲨、长鳍鲭鲨、鳄鲨、人眼长尾鲨、路氏双鲨、长鳍真鲨、镰状真鲨、大青鲨和黑异鳞鲨,隶属于3目6科。共钓获鲨鱼24 711 kg,其中大青鲨是优势种类,占鲨鱼渔获尾数的50.4%,占鲨鱼渔获总重量的76.5%,平均个体重量达到64.9 kg。调查获得9种大洋性鲨鱼的渔获率,其中以大青鲨的最高,达到0.964尾数/千钩,鳄鲨次之为0.497尾数/千钩,其它鲨鱼的CPUE均在0.200尾数/千钩以下,此外估计了东太平洋海域金枪鱼延绳钓兼捕鲨鱼总渔获量,约在4.0~5.9万吨。     

Development of peanut varieties with high oil content by in vitro mutagenesis and screening

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop globally and high oil content is one of the major targets in peanut breeding programs. Previous studies indicated that the osmotic pressure (OP) of the leaves of peanut plants subjected to drought stress was negatively correlated with kernel oil content. Based on this knowledge, we established a practical and reliable method for creating new peanut varieties with high oil content using in vitro mutagenesis and directional OP-based selection. Using embryonic leaflets of peanut variety Huayu 20 as explants, pingyangmycin (PYM) as the mutagen, and hydroxyproline (HYP) as the OP regulator, we developed 15 HYP-tolerant regenerated plants. For each regenerated plant, we selected offspring with oil content>55% (relative to 49.5% for Huayu 20). We developed and released three new peanut varieties with high yield and high oil content from the offspring of the HYP-tolerant regenerated plants. The three new varieties were named as Yuhua 4, Yuhua 9 and Yuhua 14 and their oil contents were 57.7, 61.1 and 59.3%, respectively. The results indicate that in vitro mutagenesis with PYM followed by directed screening with HYP is a useful approach for breeding peanut varieties with high oil contents.     

黑河流域ASTER与MODIS融合生成高分辨率地表温度的验证

融合多源遥感数据生成高时空分辨率数据具有重要的应用价值。为了解决高空间分辨率数据重访周期长及云雨天气带来的数据短缺问题,该文基于增强自适应的遥感图像时空融合方法(enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model,ESTARFM),使用多时相MODIS数据提供地物时间变化信息,结合ASTER影像提供的空间细节信息,选择多波段数据(可见光近红外数据和地表温度数据)共同作为输入变量融合生成高时空地表温度。融合结果分别与地表红外辐射计观测温度和ASTER温度产品进行了验证。验证结果表明:基于ESTARFM方法降尺度地表温度影像清晰,融合结果与地表红外辐射计观测温度呈显著的线性正相关关系,相关系数均高于为0.71,预测得到的地表温度与真实测得的数据的平均绝对偏差均低于2.00 K,均方根误差均低于2.60 K。与ASTER地表温度产品的验证中,整体验证结果的R2均在0.95以上。此外,ESTARFM方法在各个地类中的融合效果较好,均表现出非植被区域的相关性高于植被和水体,尤其在2012年8月27日非植被的R2达到0.91。     

水稻秸秆全量还田模式下小麦高产增效创建示范

探索水稻秸秆全量还田技术下实现小麦单产7 500 kg/hm2的措施,指出镇压可有效改善土壤的理化性状,提高小麦的出苗率;不同秸秆还田方式下,以小麦秸秆还田出苗数最高,秸秆不还田次之。     

持续冷热环境对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和解偶联蛋白mRNA表达的影响

本试验研究了不同环境温度(10~30℃)持续14 d对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和禽类解偶联蛋白(av UCP)mRNA表达的影响。试验选取21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡288只,随机分到6个人工环境控制舱中,每个舱饲养6笼,每笼8只鸡作为1个重复。预试期7 d,温度22℃,相对湿度60%。28日龄时将各环境控制舱温度分别逐渐(1 h内)调到10、14、18、22、26和30℃,相对湿度60%,温湿度均保持恒定直至试验结束。正试期14 d。结果表明:1)试验期内,30℃组的体重(BW)显著低于14~26℃组(P<0.05);22~30℃组平均日采食量(ADFI)随温度升高而显著下降(P<0.05);10~30℃组平均日增重(ADG)随温度升高出现先升高后下降的趋势,在22℃时最高;料重比(F/G)随温度升高呈现先下降后升高的趋势,22℃时最低;平均日饮水量(ADWC)在10℃组最低。2)试验第14天,26℃组血糖水平显著低于18℃组(P<0.05);肝糖原水平在各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);22℃组肌糖原水平显著低于10、26和30℃组(P<0.05)。3)试验第14天,18、22℃组av UCP mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,从生产性能和能量利用效率考虑,28~42日龄AA肉鸡的适宜养殖温度为22~26℃。     

转优质HMW-GS基因春小麦品系品质特性与农艺性状的研究

转优质HMW-GS 1Dx5+1Dy10基因春小麦品系龙辐06K1079和龙辐06K1083的品质较其亲本龙辐麦8号显著改善。2007年和2008年品质分析结果表明,龙辐06K1079和龙辐06K1083与其亲本龙辐麦8号相比,沉降值分别提高3.5～5.3ml和4.3～5.5ml,稳定时间分别增加7.3～9.1min和5.7～5.8min,最大抗延阻力分别增加5～232E.U和103～207E.U,延伸性分别增加0.4～5.5cm和1.0～3.7cm,面积分别增加8.8～37.9cm2和30.8～41.8cm2。龙辐6K1079和龙辐06K1083的产量较其亲本龙辐麦8号分别提高8.9%～15.8%和9.3%～16.4%,且2008年的产量差异达显著水平。龙辐06K1079和龙辐06K1083与其亲本相比还具有目的性状以外的其他变异,主要表现是长芒、秆高、多粒和秆锈抗性降低等。转基因后代中出现的非目的性状变异,为育种提供了更大选择机遇。