英译汉中的词类转换

文化背景的差异使词类转换在英译汉过程中显得很重要。正确运用词类转换,可使译文通顺流畅,符合汉语表达习惯。     

西昌地区实施退耕还林工程后的景观格局变化

利用西昌市1996和2004年2期TM影像数据,对西昌地区实施退耕还林工程以来的景观格局变化进行分析.结果表明:1996-2004年,西昌地区林地面积增长明显,草地面积迅速减少,耕地面积略有增长,耕地、林地和草地类型间的转化频繁;耕地景观随着斑块数和斑块密度的减少破碎度降低,而林地和草地的破碎度增加;耕地和林地斑块形状不规则性增强;就整体景观而言,西昌地区林地的优势度进一步提高,景观均匀度下降.建议在今后实施退耕还林工程时,合理安排还林和还草任务,同时对退耕后耕地面积仍有增长的现象给予关注.     

退耕还林工程区经济林的现状与发展趋势

根据全国第六次森林资源清查的结果数据对退耕还林工程区经济林的现状、特点与动态作了分析,并依据退耕还林工程造林的面积推算出工程造林对工程区经济林的贡献,预测了工程区经济林的发展趋势。     

退耕还林还草地区土壤有效水含量及蓄水性能研究--以陕西省吴旗县柴沟流域为例

对陕两省吴旗县黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕还林工程区的乔术（山杏和刺槐）、灌木（荆条、沙棘）及对照农田的土壤水分有效性和蓄水能力进行了比较研究。结果表明，不同植被类型的土壤有效水含量为1．92％～15．73％，林地比农田增加约75．3l％；0～40cm土层土壤蓄水量为228．30～251．07t／hm^2，林地比农田增加约8％；刺槐林地的蓄水性能好于山杏林地。结果对于科学地评价退耕还林工程的土壤改良效益、水源涵养效益具有重要的意义。     

栗疫菌弱毒力特征的传递及其影响因素

栗疫菌 (Cryphonectriaparasitica)弱毒力 (hypovirulence)的本质是菌体中含有一种弱毒性病毒 (cryphonectriahypovirulenceviruses ,CHV)dsRNA(Choietal,1992 ;Morrisetal,1979)。栗疫菌的弱毒力菌株 (H菌株 )一般都具有将强毒力 (virulent)菌株 (V菌株 )转化为弱毒力菌株的能     

Microbial biomass in subtropical forest soils： effect of conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

Conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation is a common management practice in subtropical China. In this study, we compared soil physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass in one natural secondary broad-leaved forest and two C. lanceolata plantation sites to estimate the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial biomass at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Concentrations of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4^＋-N and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were much lower under C. lanceolata plantations as compared to natural secondary broad-leaved forest. Soil microbial biomass C in the first and second rotation of C. lanceolata plantations was only 53%, 46% of that in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and microbial biomass N was 97% and 79%, respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass C to soil organic C was also lower in the plantation sites. However, the contribution of microbial N to total nitrogen and NH4^＋-N was greater in the C. lanceolata plantation sites. Therefore, conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to C. lanceolata plantation and continuous planting of C. lanceolata led to the decline in soil microbial biomass and the degradation of forest soil in subtropical China.     

现有生物质能转换利用技术综合评价

本文介绍了生物质能转换利用的方法,对现有生物质能转换技术进行了比较,运用层次分析法从技术先进性、经济可行性和环境安全性三个方面对现有生物质能转换利用技术进行了综合评价,提出了生物质能转换利用技术的优先发展顺序和发展方向,为我国生物质能转换利用技术的发展和应用提供参考依据.     

辽宁省退耕还草现状问题与建议

针对辽宁省退耕还草现状,阐述实施退耕还草成效,并依据当前退耕还草存在的问题提出了有关建议。     

Configuration and development of root systems of cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus

Stem cuttings of Eucalyptus globulus are used within tree improvement programs and for mass deployment. To be successful, cuttings must perform as well or better than seedlings. The root systems of cuttings are fundamentally different from those of seedlings. If these differences influence growth, the differences and their consequences must be identified and the propagation system manipulated to improve performance of the propagules.Cuttings are only a viable alternative to seedlings as planting stock if the method of propagation does not affect their growth and development adversely. Full-sibling cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus were compared under controlled environmental conditions to minimise extraneous sources of variation, and to establish whether changes in growth or development were induced by propagation. On three occasions over a period of eight weeks root-collar diameter, shoot height, leaf and stem weight, shoot/root ratios and root system morphology were measured on cuttings and seedlings. Seedlings were taller than cuttings throughout the experiment, but both plant types had similar height growth rates. Diameter growth rates were lower in cuttings than seedlings, and there were differences in both height and diameter growth rates between families. Root system configuration differed between the plant types. Seedlings had strongly gravitropic tap-roots, with two types of primary roots from which secondary roots emerged. Cuttings had no tap roots, and the main structural components of their root systems were adventitious roots formed during propagation. Cuttings did not develop further structural roots during the experiment, whereas seedlings continued to develop primary roots. Individual primary roots of cuttings were longer and had larger mid-point diameters than those of seedlings, but the total length of primary roots was greater in seedlings. Seedlings also had a greater number and total length of secondary roots. Shoot/root ratios, calculated from a range of functional measures, were higher in cuttings than seedlings.