猪场废弃物处理技术与应用

养殖废弃物对环境的污染越来越严重,为保证养殖与环境协调发展,我国开展养殖废弃物综合利用方式的研究。近年,各地开发出多种废弃物处理和利用方式,主要是以循环发展理念为技术发展方向,提高废弃物循环利用效率。该文列举国内外的养殖废弃物处理技术,结合我国生猪养殖现状,总结出适合我国的生猪养殖废弃物高效利用技术。     

Phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1 during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes

During fertilization in mammalian species, a sperm-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ signal ([Ca²⁺]_i) mediates both exit of meiosis and oocyte activation. Recently, we demonstrated in mouse oocytes that the phosphorylation levels of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor type1 (IP₃R1), the channel responsible for Ca²⁺ release and oscillations during fertilization, changed during maturation and fertilization. Therefore, we examined the expression and phosphorylation of IP₃R1 during in vitro maturation of pig oocytes. Here, our present study shows that expression of IP₃R1 protein did not change during maturation, although the phosphorylation status of the receptor, specifically at an MPM-2 epitope, did. We found that while at the beginning of maturation IP₃R1 lacked MPM-2 immunoreactivity, it became MPM-2 reactive by 24 h and reached maximal reactivity by 36 h. Interestingly, the acquisition of MPM-2 reactivity coincided with the activation of p34^cdc2 kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are involved in meiotic progression. Following completion of maturation, inactivation of MAPK by U0126 did not affect IP₃R1 phosphorylation, although inactivation of p34^cdc2 kinase by roscovitine dramatically reduced IP₃R1 phosphorylation. Neither inhibitor affected total expression of IP₃R1. Altogether, our results show that IP₃R1 undergoes dynamic phosphorylation during maturation and this might underlie the generation of oscillations at fertilization.     

中草药添加剂对育肥猪的增重效果研究

用首乌、麦芽、黄芪、神曲、丹皮和柏子仁组成的中草药添加剂,对试验组的育肥猪按饲喂日粮的4%添加,3次d,共喂80d。结果表明:在试验期内试验组平均增重50kg,对照组平均增重41kg,试验组平均比对照组多增重9.0kg(P<0.01),经济效益明显。     

Promotion of intramuscular fat accumulation in porcine muscle by nutritional regulation

Recently, pork with marbling has received attention as good quality pork and scientists are required to develop methods to produce pork with reasonable amounts of intramuscular fat (IMF). The aim of this review is to describe studies relevant to promotion of IMF accumulation in porcine muscle by nutritional regulation. The main focus is on effect of dietary lysine levels. First, we found dietary low lysine up‐regulated glucose transporter protein 4 messenger (m)RNA expression in Longissimus dorsi (L. dorsi) and Rhomboideus muscles. In addition, the proportion of oxidative fiber of both muscles was also enhanced by dietary low lysine. Because it has been observed that higher oxidative capacity is associated with higher IMF content, we hypothesized that dietary low lysine would promote IMF accumulation. Further, higher mRNA abundance of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, a master regulator of adipogenesis, in both muscles induced by dietary low lysine, supported this hypothesis. Indeed, IMF content of L. dorsi muscle of finishing pigs given a low lysine diet for 2 months until reaching the market weight was twice that of pigs given a control diet. Possible underlying mechanisms of IMF accumulation in porcine muscle and future perspectives are also discussed in this review.     

斯格配套系杂交商品猪性能测定

对斯格商品猪的生长性能、饲料利用率、胴体品质和肉质进行了抽样性能测定.斯格商品猪肥育期日增重达到876.6±95.0 g,肥育期料重比为2.67;达100 kg体重日龄平均为152 d;106.3 kg体重时屠宰率为75.55%、6-7肋膘厚12.2+2.51 mm、眼肌面积53.79±5.64 cm2、瘦肉率为67.23%+3.86%、系水力为86.21%±2.10%、肌内脂肪含量为3.17%±1.37%.     

不同用量化肥和猪粪对优质强筋小麦产量和品质的影响

研究不同用量化肥和猪粪对优质强筋小麦产量和品质的影响,以不同氮肥类型和用量长期定位试验为平台(猪粪氮与化肥氮分别为0、60、120、180、240、300、360、420、500、600 kg/hm2),分析评价猪粪氮和化肥氮不同用量对优质强筋小麦'烟农19'产量和品质的影响.结果 表明:氮肥类型和用量对小麦产量和品质...     

湘黄猪杂交配合力测定

为了给湘黄猪的深化选育及开发推广提供依据,采用非完全双列杂交配合力测定模型,对湘黄、大约克、长白和湘白等4个猪种进行配合力测定.结果表明,繁殖性状以湘白猪为优,其一般配合力:产仔数0.53头,产活仔数0.84头,21日龄育成仔数0.85头,窝重2.74kg;生长肥育和胴体肉质性状以湘黄猪为优,其一般配合力:日增重49.44g,料重比-0.07,后腿率0.60%,均膘厚-0.05cm,眼肌面积0.89cm2,瘦肉率1.50%,失水率-0.31%.在组合效应上,繁殖性状以黄×长为强,其特殊配合力:产活仔数0.25头,21日龄育成数0.32头,21日龄窝重0.61kg;生长肥育性状以黄×湘为强,其特殊配合力:日增重25.69g;胴体性状以黄×大为强,其特殊配合力:膘厚-0.03cm,瘦肉率0.22%.这既反映了湘黄猪、湘白猪分别作为瘦肉型猪父系、母系猪种较强优势的一般配合力,也体现出湘黄猪与长白、大约克和湘白等猪种在多项重要经济性状上所具有的较强的特殊配合力.     

撒坝猪血液蛋白多态性研究

 采用蛋白电泳技术研究撒坝猪血液蛋白多态性。共分析了撒坝猪33个遗传位点,其中AKP,CAT,ES,G₆PD,PA,PHI,TF等7个位点检测到多态性。多态位点百分比P=0.2121,平均杂合度H=0.1027.结果表明撒坝猪的血液蛋白多态程度较高,反映在蛋白质水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。     

三江白猪组织基因组提取及RAPD反应条件的优化

本试验从三江白猪组织中提取总DNA,获得较高质量的模板样品。并对RAPD反应的条件进行了优化,提高RAPD分析的可靠性和重复性。确保三江白猪遗传分析的真实性和准确性,为进一步的研究提供参考条件。     

三江白猪线粒体DNA-RFLP的分析

采用22种限制性内切酶分析了三江白猪线粒体DNA的多态性。结果表明：在60头个体中检出30种限制性态型．归结为7种基因单倍型；其间的差异来自少数限制性位点的突变。单倍型间平均遗传距离为0．35%，群体遗传多态程度为0．044％。三江白猪遗传多样性非常贫乏，说明三江白猪与地方种猪起源于一个共同祖先，在品种形成早期受到创立者效应的制约。