林木悬浮细胞系建立过程中的影响因素

笔者就植物细胞悬浮培养技术以及现阶段林木悬浮系建立过程中的影响因素做了综述性概括,认为培养材料、培养成分、培养条件和方式是影响林木悬浮细胞系建立的三大主要因素,以期为林木细胞悬浮培养提供理论依据。     

韩国实学的哲学基础

在实学各种流派中 ,洪大容和正祖王的思维风格非常相似 ,尽管他们在解决部分问题的方法上有重大分歧。他们的共同点在于他们都接触到了实学的边缘 ,实学被认为是韩国传统儒家哲学的发展。洪大容十分崇拜朱熹 ,其学问来自朱熹的道德哲学。他关于宇宙和地球的独特视角使他形成了多中心结构均等存在的宇宙观     

黑杨派新无性系水培苗对盐胁迫反应的研究

报道了美洲黑杨I 69杨×小叶杨F1的 5个新无性系及亲本I 69水培苗对盐胁迫反应的试验结果。采用Hoagland Snhyder ( 1 933)溶液加氯化钠的盐胁迫液水培和随机区组试验设计方法 ,设 4个盐胁迫水平 (A ,B ,C ,D) ,其含盐量分加别为 1g·L-1,2g·L-1,3g·L-1和 0g·L-1,3次重复。试验结果表明 ,生物量、叶面积和苗高等是对盐胁迫反应比较敏感的指标。通过应用“坐标综合方法”对 9个生长指标综合评定 ,6个无性系的抗盐能力顺序为 80 1 1 7>80 1 0 5>80 1 0 6>I 69>80 1 0 8>80 1 2 1。表 8参 4     

大麦供体植株生长环境条件对花药培养的影响

大麦基因型和供体植株的生长环境条件对花药培养有很大影响，对于愈伤组织和胚状体的产量、花药反应数量、分化再生体的数量以及绿色幼苗与白化幼苗的比率，基因型之间、供体植株生长环境条件之间均有显著差异，基因型与环境之间还存在显著互作。品种间的差异与其原种植地的环境条件之间的关系不密切。愈伤组织和胚状体的产量与分化形成的绿苗数没有密切关系。     

论民间大众价值取向与儒家伦理的关联

当前中国仍然对人们的实际行为发生重要影响的传统价值取向主要有六类 ,它们是家族取向、权威取向、稳定取向、自保取向、安命取向和实用取向。它们同儒家伦理具有一定契合性 ,是儒家伦理的世俗形式 ,但在世俗化过程中有些经过了过滤、筛选 ,发生了扭曲。这些价值取向对社会进步的作用是双重的。其负面影响虽然遭到过近代以来许多激进知识分子猛烈抨击 ,但仍然是值得现代中国人予以反省和清算的对象     

儒学社会秩序的形成、结构及其现代意义

儒学社会秩序是一个值得深入研究的课题。本文认为，在汉代形成的儒学社会秩序尊重了远古传统、运用了儒学理论、吸取了秦代经验与教训，也符合了时代要求。以仁爱原则为基础、以礼教和儒家法等伦理控制为手段、以维护家国同构的宗法秩序为目的是儒学社会秩序的基木构成。分析儒学社会秩序的特点与当代积淀有着重大的现实意义。     

Bartonella spp. DNA in cardiac tissues from dogs in Colorado and Wyoming

Background: Several Bartonella species (spp.) have been identified in dogs diagnosed with infectious endocarditis (IE) or myocarditis. Objective: To interrogate cardiac tissues of dogs with suspected IE for the presence of Bartonella spp. DNA of dogs in the Rocky Mountain states. Animals: Nine dogs with a clinical diagnosis of endocarditis from January 1990 to June 2008 were included. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were searched. Animals were excluded if there was no diagnosis of IE in the original necropsy report. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks and medical records were available from 9 dogs. Total DNA was extracted from the cardiac tissues and assessed for Bartonella spp. DNA by 3 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. For positive samples, the Bartonella spp. were determined by genetic sequencing or fluorogenic real‐time PCR. Results: Bartonella henselae DNA was amplified from the tissues of 7 dogs; Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii DNA was amplified concurrently from 3 dogs. Six dogs were from Colorado and 1 was from Wyoming. Flea or tick infestations were reported in 2 dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Bartonella spp. should be on the differential list for dogs in the Rocky Mountain states. The results emphasize the need for routine use of external parasite control products even in regions perceived to have low risk for flea and tick infestations.     

Isolation of differentially expressed genes during interactions between tomato cells and a protective or a non-protective strain of Fusarium oxysporum

Pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum applied on a non-host plant species, as soil-borne non-pathogenic isolates, are able to protect this plant against pathogenic strains inducing wilts. Several modes of action contribute to the biocontrol activity of these protective strains; however the genetic basis of the biocontrol mechanisms is far from being understood. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in biocontrol activity of F. oxysporum using an original model made of Fom24, a strain protective on tomato and its mutant rev157 which has lost its protective capacity. A Rapid Subtractive Hybridization (RaSH) approach was chosen to identify genes up-regulated in the protective or in the non-protective interaction when germinated conidia of either Fom24 or rev157 are confronted to tomato cell cultures. A total of 86 up-regulated sequences were generated, 42 and 44 from the protective and the non-protective interaction respectively. Homology searches led to identification of both plant and fungal genes that were grouped according to their putative functions. Among plant genes, those involved in plant response to stresses were the most abundant. Expression profiles of genes homolog to a basic endochitinase, a ferredoxine-NADP(H) reductase (FNR), an ATP synthase and the RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4) were confirmed by Northern blotting. A large proportion of fungal sequences were encoding genes of unknown function; among other, those involved in response to oxidative stress and a gene putatively encoding an enolase are the most promising to further study their potential role in the protective interaction between F. oxysporum and tomato.     

Sugar beet waste and its component ferulic acid inhibits external mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

External arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) mycelium plays an important role in soil while interacting with a range of biotic and abiotic factors. One example is the soil organic amendment sugar beet waste. The fermented Aspergillus niger-sugar beet waste (ASB) increases growth and P uptake by the AM mycelium in soil whereas non-fermented waste (SB) had a strong inhibitory effect. The underlying mechanisms are not understood.We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify differences in composition of water extracts of ASB and SB. The chromatograms showed that ferulic acid was present in SB and absent in ASB. We compared the effects of the water extracts of SB and ASB and ferulic acid upon the growth of Glomus intraradices in in vitro monoxenic cultures.Hyphal growth of the AM fungus G. intraradices was extremely reduced in ferulic acid and SB treatments. Moreover, AM hyphae appeared disorganized, undulated and tangled. In contrast, ASB increased hyphal length and numbers of branched absorbing structures and of spores. We conclude that ferulic acid is one compound in SB which is responsible for its inhibition of AM extraradical growth. The relevance of these findings is discussed.     

土壤微生物燃料电池电极微生物分析及其运行 对水稻生长活性的影响

采用盆栽水稻试验,研究微生物燃料电池电极富集微生物种类及其运行对水稻生长活性的影响.用双层琼脂平板法对阳、阴极碳毡微生物进行培养,通过平板计数法计算碳毡富集微生物数量.通过细菌个体形态、生理生化试验及16SrDNA分析确定其分类地位:用称重、a-萘胺氧化法研究微生物燃料电池运行(闭路组)对水稻生长活性的影响.成功构建微生物燃料电池.闭路组阳极细菌B1、B2和B3总量是3.4×108 CFU·g-1,其中优势微生物B1为2.9×108CFU·g-1.开路组(组装有微生物燃料电池,但处于断路状态)阳极细菌B1、B3和B4总量是1.5×108CFU·g-1,其中优势微生物B3为1.1×108CFU·g-1,闭路组与开路组阴极都只培养出B3和B4,闭路组阴极B4数量是开路组的7倍;闭路组与空白组(未组装有微生物燃料电池)、开路组相比,在水稻须根数方面无显著差异,但在植株鲜重、干重及根系活力方面存在明显差异.在所有分析指标中,空白组和开路组间无明显差异.微生物燃料电池(MFC)运行能促进水稻的生长和产电微生物B1(Bacillus subtilis)和B2(Bacillus sp.)在阳极碳毡的富集.