Hull-White利率模型仿真与债券估值

由于“中”“庸”两词语义上的模糊性，其哲学含义颇为复杂。从郑玄到二程、吕祖谦，尤其是朱熹，都对“中庸”进行了解释，现代学者对《中庸》书名的释义更是多种多样。对于《中庸》的时代以及与子思的关系问题，中国历代学者以及西方的汉学家都提出了不同的观点，至今仍然莫衷一是。     

影响冻干乳酸菌存活性的相关因素

本文综述冻干乳酸菌发酵剂制备中相关因素对冷冻干燥和贮藏期间乳酸菌存活率的影响，包括内在因素、生长因素、非致死性处理、干燥介质、贮藏和复水等方面因素。     

儒家"重农"思想研究——以《齐民要术》为例

儒家文化在传统文化之中居于主流地位,其社会历史观具有明显的"重农"特征.儒家社会历史观中的"重农"思想对<齐民要术>农学思想产生了极其重要的影响,并被<齐民要术>具体化为"食为政首"思想、"教民致富"思想以及"家理移官"思想三个方面,<齐民要术>的农学思想也因而具有鲜明的儒学化特征.     

书院的发展对地区文化地理格局的影响

书院是儒学知识生产、创新、积累与传播的机构,是儒家文化的代表与重要象征。书院在一个地区的发展状况,是影响当地文化地理格局的重要因素。一方面,书院建立数量的多少,反映了儒家文化在一定区域中空间拓展的情况,另一方面,书院的发展,又可以改变该区域内主流的儒家文化与佛教、道教及其他民间宗教等非主流的文化形态之间的力量对比,使地区的文化格局也随之发生变化。     

道在求其通,解经须性灵——一代通儒焦循的经学思想

文章从“考据不是经学”、“实测与贯通”、“惟经学可以言性灵”三个层面,探讨了乾嘉学者焦循的经学思想。文章指出:焦循对当时“考据”学风的批评,体现了当时经学信仰与学术客体之间的某种紧张。焦循提倡实测与贯通,则开创了一种注重过程研究的经学研究方法。焦循强调无性灵不可言经学,走上了经学与子学的整合之路,为乾嘉以后经学研究转向多元化提供了新的经学诠释理论。     

Treatment of tropical forages with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes: effects on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation

The effects of three treatments of fibrolytic enzymes (cellulase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (CEL), xylanase from rumen micro‐organisms (XYL) and a 1:1 mixture of CEL and XYL (MIX) on the in vitro fermentation of two samples of Pennisetum clandestinum (P1 and P2), two samples of Dichanthium aristatum (D1 and D2) and one sample of each Acacia decurrens and Acacia mangium (A1 and A2) were investigated. The first experiment compared the effects of two methods of applying the enzymes to forages, either at the time of incubation or 24 h before, on the in vitro gas production. In general, the 24 h pre‐treatment resulted in higher values of gas production rate, and this application method was chosen for a second study investigating the effects of enzymes on chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of forages. The pre‐treatment with CEL for 24 h reduced (p < 0.05) the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of P1, P2, D1 and D2, and that of MIX reduced the NDF content of P1 and D1, but XYL had no effect on any forage. The CEL treatment increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production for all forages (ranging from 8.6% to 22.7%), but in general, no effects of MIX and XYL were observed. For both P. clandestinum samples, CEL treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and increased (p < 0.05) that of butyrate, but only subtle changes in VFA profile were observed for the rest of forages. Under the conditions of the present experiment, the treatment of tropical forages with CEL stimulated their in vitro ruminal fermentation, but XYL did not produce any positive effect. These results showed clearly that effectiveness of enzymes varied with the incubated forage and further study is warranted to investigate specific, optimal enzyme‐substrate combinations.     

水稻胚性悬浮细胞系建立过程中生理生化变化——Ⅱ.氨基酸、多胺及内源激素的变化

以水稻广亲和中粳品系02428为材料,分析了其胚性悬浮细胞系建立过程中氨基酸、多胺及内源激素的变化。结果表明:1.游离氨基酸的总量是FP_(15)>MP_(45)>LP_(90),其中FP_(15)游离精氨酸的含量很高,而在MP_(45)和LP_(90)中含量剧降。蛋白质氨基酸和蛋白质合成能力正好和游离氨基酸的总量变化相反。2.从FP_(15)→MP_(45)→LP_(90),腐胺含量呈上升、精胺含量呈下降趋势。腐胺/(精胺 亚精胺)上升了近20倍。悬浮细胞经脱壁而成游离原生质体后,其总多胺、尸胺和腐胺的含量与悬浮细胞相比均大幅度下降,而精胺和亚精胺则有所升高。3.植物内源激素IAA、2ip的含量是LP_(90)>MP_(45)>FP_(15),ABA、ZRs的含量是FP_(15)>MP_(45)>LP_(90)。上述变化在一定程度上解释了胚性悬浮细胞即后期悬浮细胞适合于进行原生质体培养的生理生化机理。     

Can the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices actively mobilize P from rock phosphates?

Plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been shown to respond positively to the application of insoluble forms of inorganic phosphorus (P) such as rock phosphates (RPs). The mechanism(s) underlying such responses remain(s) unknown and although it has been hypothesized, there is no experimental support for the production of chelating agents by AM fungal hyphae. Here we investigate whether AM fungi can solubilize P from RPs and transfer it to plant roots. Using root-organ cultures of Daucus carrota L. inoculated or not with Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith and containing P from different RP sources, we predicted that: (1) roots inoculated with G. intraradices would take up more P than those uninoculated; that (2) the amount of P taken up by roots through G. intraradices would be positively correlated with the RP reactivity; and that (3) G. intraradices would have access to RP through localized alterations of pH and/or by the production of organic acid anions that may act as chelating agents. The RP reactivity was positively correlated with P uptake. However, mycorrhizal roots grew initially slower and did not respond differently to any P treatment than those uninoculated. There was no evidence of localized changes in pH in proximity of G. intraradices hyphae, indicating that responses to RP by mycorrhizal plants observed in previous studies do not appear to result from the release of H⁺ ions alone or in combination with organic acid anions.     

应用竞争排斥法防制禽沙门氏菌感染

本文介绍了竞争排斥的概念,并概述了其在控制禽沙门氏菌感染中的效果、作用机理和实际应用等方面的研究进展,并讨论了这一方法的主要优点及其在家禽生产及人医上的潜在应用前景。