Breed‐specific variation of hematologic and biochemical analytes in healthy adult Bernese Mountain dogs

Background: Hematology and serum biochemistry reference intervals in dogs may be affected by internal factors, such as breed and age, and external factors, such as the environment, diet, and lifestyle. In humans, it is well established that geographic origin and age may have an impact on reference intervals and, therefore, more specific reference intervals are sought for subpopulations. Objective: The objective of this study was to validate and transfer standard laboratory reference intervals for healthy Bernese Mountain dogs and to create new intervals for analytes where the established laboratory reference intervals were rejected. Methods: The procedure was performed using the human Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute‐approved model modified for veterinary use. Thirty‐two dogs were included in the study using a direct a priori method, as recommended. Results: While 23 of the standard laboratory reference intervals were readily validated, 7 of the analytes (eosinophils, MCHC, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], γ‐glutamyltransferase, total bilirubin, amylase, and cholesterol) required new reference intervals according to the standard. These were calculated using the robust method. In particular, the new reference range for ALP was wide compared with the established laboratory reference interval. No clinical causes were found for differences in the results of these analytes. Conclusion: We found significant differences in 7 hematologic and serum biochemical analytes for which a breed‐specific variation appears to be the most plausible explanation. Breed‐specific reference intervals for Bernese Mountain dogs will help avoid misinterpretation of laboratory results in the diagnostic process.     

温度对大黄鱼受精卵卵裂间隔时间的影响

为了解大黄鱼受精卵在不同温度下的早期胚胎发育速度,为改进大黄鱼染色体组操作技术提供基础数据,观察了4个温度条件下大黄鱼受精卵的卵裂时间,并据此估算了卵裂间隔时间（τ0）.结果表明,温度越高,大黄鱼受精卵第1次卵裂越快,每升高1℃,第1次卵裂时间约提前3.1min,并给出大黄鱼第1次卵裂时间τI与温度的一阶指数衰减回归方程;温度越高,卵裂间隔时间越短,同时给出卵裂间隔时间τ0与温度的一阶指数衰减回归方程;τI与τo的比值在2.24～2.91之间,并随着温度的提高 温度对大黄鱼受精卵卵裂间隔时间的影响     

Differences in Muscle Fiber Recruitment Patterns between Continuous and Interval Exercises

We evaluated differences in muscle fiber recruitment patterns between continuous and interval training to develop an optimal training program for Thoroughbred horses. Five well trained female thoroughbred horses (3–4 years old) were used. The horses performed two different exercises on a 10% inclined treadmill: 90%VO₂ max for 4 min (continuous) and 90% VO₂ max for 2 min × 2 times with 10-min interval (interval). Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and immediately after the exercises. Four muscle fiber types (type I, IIA, IIA/X, and IIX) were immunohistochemically identified, and the optical density of periodic acid Schiff staining (OD-PAS) in each fiber type and glycogen content of the muscle sample were determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures, respectively. No significant differences were found in the OD-PASs and glycogen contents between the continuous and interval exercises, but the decreases in OD-PAS of fast-twitch muscle fibers were obvious after interval as compared to continuous exercise. Interval exercise may be a more effective training stimulus for the glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch muscle fiber. The data about muscle fiber recruitment can provide significant insights into the optimal training program not only for thoroughbred horses, but also for human athletes.     

基于双区间两阶段随机规划的黑河中游主要农作物种植结构优化

为优化有限农业水资源量下的种植结构以实现最大经济效益,考虑种植结构优化过程中存在的水文要素与社会经济要素中存在的不确定性,构建以经济效益最大为目标的双区间两阶段随机规划模型。在农业水资源量测算时出现了双区间特点,故使用双区间理论对农业水资源量进行表征计算。将构建的模型用于黑河中游甘肃省张掖市甘州区、临泽县、高台县的5种水文年(枯水年、较枯水年、平水年、较丰水年以及丰水年)下的种植结构优化,比较了优化结果与现状水平年种植结构与经济收益。结果表明:通过双区间两阶段随机规划模型得到的3种种植结构优化方案即保守决策方案、趋于平均决策方案和乐观决策方案产生的经济效益比现状水平年种植结构下的经济效益分别提高[1.97,8.53]、[4.20,11.04]、[6.43,13.56]亿元。     

宽间隔跳频图案的设计与实现

根据对偶频带法和L—G模型设计的要求,构造出一种满足汉明相关的宽间隔跳频图案,并对其进行FPGA硬件实现。系统软件采用模块化的设计模型,利用生命周期长且移植性好的VHDL语言设计实现宽间隔跳频图案。通过时序仿真图和结果验证可以看出,设计出的宽间隔跳频图案,性能接近于最佳跳频序列的性能。     

利用出叶间隔预测杂交水稻制种花期

用出叶间隔的变化来预测杂交水稻制种花期，其方法是通过３天１次的叶龄记载，换算成出叶间隔，绘出出叶间隔变化曲线，从曲线中直观地确定父母本出现出叶转换点的时间；根据父母本出现出叶转换点的时间差来判断花期的相遇程度。一般父本的出叶转换点比母本早５～６天出现，父母本花期相遇良好，若父母本出现出叶转换点的时间差少于或超过５～６天，母本的始穗时间就早于或迟于父本的始穗时间，必须及时采取措施进行适当调控。另外，应注意不同父母本花期相遇还存有不同的出叶转换点的时间差的要求。     

基于不确定性理论的区域土地利用结构优化

为了还原土地利用结构优化的不确定环境,提高土地利用结构优化水平,同时为了开拓土地利用结构优化的新视角,该文基于不确定性对土地利用结构进行优化。该文将基于不确定性的土地利用结构优化分为不确定因素最可能发生时的优化与不确定因素在一定发生可能范围时的优化,前者的优化结果是单一的土地利用结构,后者的优化结果是土地结构弹性区间。首先用期望值模型求取不确定因素最可能发生时的土地优化结构;其次以多目标遗传算法为基础,用随机模拟法求取不确定因素在一定发生可能范围时的优化结构弹性区间。结果表明:不确定因素最可能发生时,扬州2020年土地最优结构的经济利益、生态利益分别是10.0×1011和8.98×1011元,大于现状土地结构与扬州土地利用总体规划中土地结构的经济与生态利益;2020年扬州市土地利用优化结构弹性区间中,对不确定性承纳贡献最大的土地类型是耕地、城镇工矿用地、园地,对不确定因素敏感性最高的土地类型是林地、园地、交通水利用地。该研究为土地利用类型弹性区间大小划定及土地利用结构调整提供依据。     

应用DHI对某奶牛场奶牛生产性能的综合分析

[目的]为了解奶牛的生产性能.[方法]应用奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)体系,2006年10～11月对武汉市某牛场所有产奶牛的生产情况进行测定和分析.[结果]表明:该场牛群所产奶中体细胞数高,产奶牛中有12%患有临床乳房炎,产犊间隔长,存在繁殖问题和饲料问题,针对测检和分析中发现的问题,提出了相应的改进措施.[结论]为牛场...     

扫描间距对45钢激光熔凝强化组织性能的影响

为了研究扫描间距对45钢激光熔凝强化组织性能的影响,采用HLD1001-5 型固体激光器对45钢表面进行了多条带等间距激光熔凝处理,分别利用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、磨损试验机观察和测量了不同扫描间距下硬化层的显微组织及性能。结果表明：激光熔凝处理的硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成,组织为马氏体;多条带等间距激光熔凝处理在垂直于熔凝条带方向上的硬度分布由左高硬度区、左过渡区、低硬度区、右过渡区和右高硬度区组成,高硬度区的硬度为58.1～59.6 HRC,低硬度区的硬度约16 HRC;在试验范围内,经激光扫描间距为4.5 mm 熔凝处理的试样具有最好的耐磨性。     

针叶树种子生活力与室内发芽和田间播种相互关系

本文研究了油松、侧柏、落叶松种子9个种批的生活力与其室内发芽和田间播种各项指标的相互关系,结果表明针叶树种子生活力与上迷各项指标间存在着显著和极显著的相关关系。根据生活力测定结果可以推算出室内发芽和田间播种各指标的理论值,这对于快速确定种子的种用价值具有重要现实意义。