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1.
树木挥发物对植食性昆虫的诱导抗性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
树木挥发物质对植食性昆虫取食,产卵所产生的诱导抗性是树木与昆虫的长期协同进化过程中的必然结果,树木与植食性昆虫之间发展了一套互相调节,自身开拓资源,产生生存对策的复杂相互关系,本文着重阐明了树木与植食性昆虫的互相策略,诱导抗性的生物化学基础以及诱导抗性在调节植食性昆虫种群中的重要性。 相似文献
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本文在文献[1]基础上,运用金相,电化学方法研究了50Mn18Cr4电机护环钢依照QHJ-79试验标准在硝酸盐介质中应力腐蚀开裂(即SCC)的性质,结果指出,此体系中SCC的控制过程为阳极溶解。 相似文献
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草酸青霉菌果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗黑星病研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文就草酸青霉菌(Penicillium oxalicum)的固态发酵提取产物--果胶酶粗酶液诱导黄瓜对黑星病(Cladosporium cucumerinum)的抗性进行了研究。以果胶酶粗酶液喷雾处理4个感黑星病黄瓜品种的黄化苗,48 h后挑战接种黑星病菌孢子悬液,其中"中农5号"黄瓜品种表现的诱导抗病效果最好,诱抗效果达62.51%。不同浓度果胶酶诱导处理黄瓜,发现果胶酶浓度在20 U/mL时,可导致黄瓜发病略高于对照;在40~200 U/mL浓度范围内,诱导效果较为明显。通过研究果胶酶诱导抗病的时效性,表明诱导处理前接种病菌或诱导处理后0、6 h接种的各处理病情指数与对照间没有差别,而诱导处理12~72 h后接种病菌的,果胶酶的诱导抗病效果均很明显,诱抗效果达29.64%~60.02%。实验还表明,随着挑战接种压力的增大,果胶酶的诱导抗病效果降低。果胶酶不能抑制黑星病菌孢子萌发,相反可以促进孢子萌发和芽管生长。 相似文献
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Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides is Dominant in Hybrids with Tomato, and Involves induced Hyphal Death 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rejane L. Guimarães Roger T. Chetelat Henrik U. Stotz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):13-23
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold disease and affects hundreds of plant species, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The wild nightshade, Solanum lycopersicoides, is cross compatible with tomato and is more resistant to B. cinerea, thus representing a potential source for crop improvement. Tests involving droplet inoculation of detached leaves and spray inoculation of entire seedlings demonstrated that resistance to B. cinerea varies among S. lycopersicoides accessions, with S. lycopersicoides LA2951 being the most resistant accession tested. Expression of resistance in the intergeneric hybrid (L. esculentum cv. 'VF36' × S. lycopersicoides LA2951) suggested that resistance is at least partially dominant in tomato. A green fluorescent protein-tagged B. cinerea strain was used for confocal microscopic comparison of infection in leaves of S. lycopersicoides and tomato. Even though S. lycopersicoides supported spore germination, there was evidence for hyphal lysis and death 3 days after inoculation, at a time when lesions were expanding on susceptible tomato plants. The reduced frequency of B. cinerea lesion spread on S. lycopersicoides explains why this fungus produced fewer spores in this wild nightshade than in tomato. 相似文献
7.
The salicylic acid-dependent defence pathway is effective against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The role of salicylic acid (SA) was investigated in basal defence and induced resistance to powdery mildew ( Oidium neolycopersici ) and grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ) in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ). A comparison of NahG transgenic tomato and tobacco (unable to accumulate SA) to their respective wild types revealed that in tomato, SA was not involved in basal defence against O. neolycopersici but NahG tobacco showed an enhanced susceptibility to O. neolycopersici infection, the effect becoming more obvious as the plants grew older. In contrast, SA played no role in the basal defence of tobacco against B. cinerea , but seemed to contribute to basal defence of tomato against B. cinerea. Activation of the SA-dependent defence pathway via benzothiadiazole (BTH) resulted in induced resistance against O. neolycopersici in tobacco but not in tomato. Microscopic analysis revealed that BTH treatment could prevent penetration of the Oidium germ tube through tobacco leaves, whereas penetration was successful on tomato leaves irrespective of BTH treatment. In contrast, soil or leaf treatment with BTH induced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato but not in tobacco. It is concluded that the SA-dependent defence pathway is effective against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco. 相似文献
8.
植物育种的物理学方法 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
介绍了草原生态恢复中选育优良牧草种子的一些物理学方法,包括电场、磁场、物理辐射、激光、离子束和交变应力等在植物的生物学效应、诱变育种和转基因技术中的应用. 相似文献
9.
Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens 下载免费PDF全文
W. Li J. Miao N. Chen X. Shao Y. Cao 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):214-223
Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits. 相似文献
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