Evaluation of a simple technique for characterizing rice root systems in relation to drought resistance

Summary Drought is a constraint to rice yields in much of Asia's rainfed rice crop. Although genotypic variation for root system characteristics is well documented in this semiaquatic species, little improvement of rice for drought resistance has been attempted. No simple method to evaluate root systems exists. In this paper we report the development and testing of a simple device to measure the pulling force required to uproot rice seedlings. The force required to pull rice seedlings from the paddy soil was correlated with root weight, root branching and thick root number. The capability to separate rice cultivars by this technique and relationship of the root pulling force to other drought screening methods are illustrated.     

Experimental Study on Moment Modulation of Prestressed Frames

Based on the experimental study of two prestressed frames in redistribution of Internal force, it can be concluded that the dominating influence factors on moment modulation are the relative height of equivalent compression zone, the secondary moment, the ratio of beam rigidity to column and development of cracks in the top of columns.The secondary moment is very important in modulation of frames. Especially, the secondary moment will governing the modulation when the relative height of equivalent compression zone is large enough.     

An Analysis to the Force Property of the Clutch-Screw Press and its Strength Design

This paper deals with the force property analysis,strength design and use of the clutch-screw press.     

Experimental Study on a Prestressed Frame of Two Spans Under Unsymmetric Load

By the experimental study on a full-dimensioned prestressed frame of two spans, the relative factors are analyzed such as relative height of equivalent compression zone in critical section, secondary moment, ratio of beam rigidity to column and development of cracks in the top of columns etc., which influence the moment distribution of the post-tensioned prestressed concrete frame from the side of internal force redistribution. It is believed that that the factors of relative height of concrete equivalent compression zone and secondary moment influence the moment modulation in most degree, and ratio of column rigidity to beam also plays a part in the moment modulation to some extent. Second, the plastic joints of frame with excessive spans exit in the span which endure the whole load, at last the whole frame is destroyed because of the destruction of the loading frame, the influence to the non-loading span is little.     

竖向荷载下弹性支承直墙拱反弯点理论分析

在工程实践中,直墙拱应用较多。由于拱脚位移的存在,合理假设拱脚约束为转角约束、竖向约束和水平弹性约束,应用力法推导出了在弯矩、剪力和轴力共同作用下直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩公式。研究了竖向均布荷载、竖向三角形荷载和竖向集中力荷载作用下,直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩分布及反弯点形成的规律;发现在3种荷载作用下,使得拱脚弯矩为零时的圆心角依次减小。取弹簧支座刚度为等效的下端固支、上端允许水平位移的直墙的抗推刚度,得出了随着直墙高度增加,圆弧拱拱顶弯矩增大而拱脚弯矩减小的变化规律。在直墙拱的设计中,建议选取合适的直墙高度和使得圆弧拱拱脚弯矩为零的圆心角大小,从而有利于提高结构抗弯承载力及拱脚抗剪承载力。     

农用运输车制动系制动力分配系数的确定

目前我国农用运输车在制动器匹配设计中存在两个主要问题：空载同步附着系数小及附着效率低。通过计算分析说明提高制动器制动力分配系数β值对解决以上两个问题是有利的，但也指出β值的提高又带来降低后轴附着重量的利用及丧失转向能力等不利影响     

农业工程技术对发展农村生产力的作用

提出乡级经济是农村经济发展的基本单位,发展农村经济的关键是发展农村生产力。在阐述农村生产力内涵的基础上,系统地论述了农业工程技术对农村生产力诸要素质和量以及结构优化方面所表现的功能,并从当前农业生产对农业工程技术实际需求出发,进一步论证了农业工程技术在农村经济发展中所发挥的作用。     

车辆前轮前束值与外倾角合理匹配算法的商讨

前轮定位参数仍然是困扰运输机械生产的难题。该文在总结前人研究成果的基础上，基于前轮侧滑机理，考虑轮胎特性和车辆结构参数推导了前束值与外倾角合理匹配关系。并且用YZK1026B型皮卡车的侧滑试验验证该算法的正确性，为车辆在改进设计过程中前束值与外倾角合理匹配提供参考。同时，提出了前束侧偏力概念供商讨。     

磁力轮式塑料大棚清洗装置的设计与试验

针对塑料大棚清洗困难的问题,设计了一种磁力轮式塑料大棚清洗装置。该装置主要由磁力轮式行走机构和毛刷清洗机构组成,其核心部件分别为磁力轮、行走电机、毛刷和清洗电机。工作时,由行走电机驱动磁力轮靠磁力吸附在大棚钢制骨架上行走,并由清洗电机驱动毛刷进行清洗工作。该装置适用于骨架间距1 m的拱形钢架塑料大棚,对大棚跨度和脊高无特殊要求。试验结果与分析表明,在纯自来水和洗涤液条件下,大棚透光率分别从清洗前最低的50.9%和49.0%提高至清洗后最高的88.4%和88.9%,最佳清洗流量分别为1.0和1.2 L/min;磁力轮行走机构最小驱动力69 N,满足行走要求;清洗装置平均工作效率6.6 m2/min;大棚倾角变化时,透光率整体平均提高46.7%,使用效果良好。该研究解决了塑料大棚清洗难题,延长了大棚使用寿命,增加了大棚维护安全性。     

基于GIS的典型岩溶流域土地利用变化分析——以云南省小江流域为例

在GIS支持下,利用云南小江流域两期土地利用图形数据叠加分析,得到土地利用变化图和土地利用转移矩阵。结果发现,1982—2003年全流域610.12km2的土地利用面积发生变化,占流域总面积的59%。土地利用的类型主要是由未利用地向耕地和林地以及林地向耕地的转化,流域综合土地利用变化动态度达2.95%。土地利用空间格局的基本构型由以大斑块为主体,散布型斑块镶嵌其中转变为以中等斑块为主体,散布型斑块镶嵌其中的构型;区域土地利用的斑块数由1014个增加到1889个,平均斑块面积由1.02km2/个减少到0.55km2/个;流域土地利用空间格局指数中多样性指数增长4.14%,均匀度指数增长4.14%,破碎度指数增长84.6%,优势度指数降低1.6%;未利用地、林地的分离度分别增加114.58%和69.64%,而耕地的分离度减少45.86%;流域耕地、建设用地重心向东北方向偏移,而未利用地、林地重心向南东、南西方向偏移。引入社会、经济数据分析,人口增长、经济发展是流域耕地增加进而导致系列土地利用变化的主要人文驱动力,而生态环境保护等宏观政策是流域林地变化的主要驱动力。