Linking size‐based trophodynamics and morphological traits in marine fishes

The rule of thumb in marine trophodynamics indicates that the bigger an organism, the higher its trophic level (TROPH). This generalization leads to the assumption that fishes increase their TROPH with growth. However, a recent review showed that for many species, TROPH does not increase with body size, suggesting that size‐independent feeding is not rare in marine fishes. Here, we assessed some morphological traits of marine fishes that could potentially be used as indicators for the ability to vary TROPH with body size. Stable isotope values of nitrogen were used as a proxy TROPH. The specific objectives were as follows: (a) to evaluate the relationship between the oral gape and the trophodynamic trend and (b) to quantify the relevance of 11 external morphological traits in determining the size‐based trophodynamics. We used random forest models to identify the morphological traits that would help predict which species would have the potential to increase TROPH with growth and which would have not. The selected traits included the pelvic fin relative position, the dorsal fin shape, total length, and relative mouth size. Our results also showed a marked relationship between the rate of increase in the oral gape and TROPH. The analyses presented here provide the first comprehensive and quantitative review aiming at linking the trophodynamics of marine fishes with external morphological traits.     

Evaluation of the optimal strong ion difference concentration of an oral electrolyte and buffering solution for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea

An observational study was conducted to comparatively assess the efficacy of three different oral rehydration and buffering solutions, differentiated by their strong ion difference (SID) concentration, for treatment of neonatal calves with naturally acquired diarrhea. The SID concentrations tested were 100 mM, 170 mM and 230 mM for treatments SID₁₀₀, SID₁₇₀ and SID₂₃₀, respectively. Clinical assessment and blood gas analysis were completed for 18 diarrheic calves once pre- and twice post- (6 and 24 hr after) oral administration with one of the three treatments. A repeated measure mixed model approach was used to analyze (a) the within-group efficacy of each treatment over time and (b) the between-group comparison at each timepoint. SID₂₃₀ treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood pH, HCO₃⁻, BE, SID and Na⁺ at 6 and 24 hr after treatment, and a significant decrease in AG and K⁺ by 24 hr after treatment. There were no significant changes in any of the blood gas parameters after treatment with SID₁₀₀ and SID₁₇₀. SID₂₃₀ treatment also resulted in blood gas parameter changes that were significantly different to the other two groups. These results suggest that the optimum SID concentration for the treatment of calves with diarrhea is likely to be higher than current recommendations.     

高纯度茶氨酸分离制备工艺研究

本文研究一种从提取茶多酚后的残留液中提纯茶氨酸的制备工艺;首先通过ZTC—型天然澄清剂对茶多酚生产废液絮凝处理,随后应用一种特制的弱极性大孔树脂(JAD-1000)对处理液进行初步分离,制备含量在50%以上的茶氨酸粗品,再通过C18层析柱,按照正交实验技术筛选的分离纯化工艺参数,对茶氨酸粗品溶液进行分离纯化制备高纯度茶氨酸;结果表明用pH值3.0的水按照60ml/min的流速进行洗脱,收集11.4min-13.5min段的洗脱馏份,浓缩冻干,检测知茶氨酸的回收率为78.4%,茶氨酸含量达98.2%。     

容舒口服液原药材HPLC指纹图谱的建立及成品的质量评价

目的 建立容舒口服液单味药材的HPLC指纹图谱,并建立成品口服液HPLC检测方法。方法 对不同产地的口服液原药材酸枣仁、当归、五味子和玫瑰进行HPLC指纹图谱评价。建立以槲皮素和山奈素为指标的容舒口服液的HPLC检测方法,色谱条件：Welch Ultimate XB-C₁₈ (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm);甲醇：0.4%磷酸溶液(40:60),360nm; 1mL.min_-1; 40℃;10 μL。结果 不同产地的主药材的HPLC指纹图谱峰形区分度较高,共有峰相似度高于98.2%,可以显著区别不同产地药材的含量差异。成品HPLC检测方法建立成功,检测指标槲皮素(5.79-38.6 μg.mL_-1,r=0.9999)和山奈素(3.68-24.55 μg.mL_-1,r=0.9999)在规定范围内线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为100.89%和99.86%,RSD值分别为1.96%(n=6)和1.39%(n=6);结论 通过指纹图谱法和HPLC法控制容舒口服液的质量,结果准确,方法稳定可行。     

白头翁复方口服液药效学研究

[目的]研究白头翁、黄连、大青叶等复方药效学作用.[方法]白头翁复方口服液体外大肠杆菌抑菌杀菌试验、大鼠足跖肿胀法抗炎试验、小鼠番泻叶法止泻试验和小鼠冰醋酸法镇痛试验.[结果]白头翁复方口服液最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)1×2-3,生药含量为125 mg/mL;最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)1×2-2,生药含量为250 mg/mL;对二甲苯刺激导致的大鼠炎性反应有抗炎作用,剂量为1.5 g/kg·bw;连续饲喂小鼠3d,剂量为0.75、1.5 g/kg· bw时对番泻叶造成的小鼠腹泻有治疗作用;剂量为0.75、1.5、3.0 g/kg· bw,对冰醋酸造成的小鼠腹痛有止痛效果.[结论]白头翁复方口服液具有明显的抗菌、抗炎、止泻与镇痛作用.     

银翘蓝芩口服液中绿原酸含量测定方法的建立

为建立银翘蓝芩口服液中绿原酸含量的高效液相色谱测定方法,选用Scienhome Kromasil ODS-1 C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(体积比为20∶80),检测波长324 nm,柱温30℃,流速为1 m L/min进行测定。结果显示,绿原酸在该色谱条件下,系统适应性良好,在质量浓度为19.32~96.60μg/m L时线性关系良好,回归方程为Y=29 059X-117 695,R~2=0.999;加样平均回收率为94.57%,RSD为1.93%;对3批样品的绿原酸含量进行测定,RSD为1.76%。表明建立的方法可用于银翘蓝芩口服液中绿原酸含量的测定。     

牛粪分离液与餐厨垃圾混合发酵试验参数优化

将牛粪固液分离处理,在分离液单独发酵基础上,添加不同比例餐厨垃圾连续发酵试验,考查各比例混合物料在不同水力停留时间下发酵性能,优化最佳配比、相应发酵工艺条件和参数。研究确定牛粪分离液和餐厨垃圾混合发酵适宜配比为7:3,HRT为25 d,获得VS甲烷产率226.67 m L CH_4·kg~(-1)VS,容积产气率1.20 L·L~(-1)·d-1,VS去除率达到47.94%。     

木质素在三氮唑基离子液体中溶解性能的研究

设计合成并表征了3种三氮唑基离子液体:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氮唑盐([Bmim]tr)、N-甲基-N-丁基吗啉三氮唑盐([Bmmo]tr)和N-丁基吡啶三氮唑盐([Bpy]tr),其中木质素在[Bmim]tr中的溶解性能最佳,在55℃的微波加热条件下,木质素溶解度达到58.61 g。采用HSQC、GPC、FT-IR和XRD等技术对[Bmim]tr溶解再生前后的木质素进行了表征,结果表明:在溶解过程中微波加热更有利于破坏木质素的氢键和β-O-4'结构,加速木质素的溶解,并导致木质素非晶态化,而其基本结构单元没有发生改变。分析表明:木质素在离子液体中的溶解机理是氢键的破坏与重组、β-O-4'连接结构的断裂。     

额种子蛋白体靶向表达口服重组胰岛素原载体构建及转化水稻

应用水稻种子生物反应器开发口服重组胰岛素原具有重要应用前景。通过分子设计保证重组胰岛素原在人体肠道内的自主加工成熟,根据水稻密码子偏爱性人工合成了霍乱毒素β亚基和人胰岛素原的融合基因(cholera toxin B subunit fused with human proinsulin,CTBIN),并在C末端添加内质网滞留信号KDEL。通过PCR技术从粳稻品种日本晴全基因组中克隆谷蛋白启动子及其信号肽序列pGluB1sig(GluB1 promoter and its signal peptide)用于驱动融合基因CTBIN的表达,插入载体pCAMBIA1302,构建了水稻种子蛋白体靶向表达口服重组胰岛素原的载体pCAMBIA1302-pGluB1sig-CTBIN-Nos。采用农杆菌介导法转化日本晴,获得了46株转基因水稻植株,Western杂交检测到CTB-人胰岛素原融合蛋白在水稻种子中表达。     

一种新型植物复合叶肥对小麦灌浆及产量的影响

了解喷施植物复合叶肥“绿荣追施宝”对小麦产量的影响及喷施的最佳时期,为小麦生产上的应用提供参考。以‘晋麦84’为试材,小麦起身后不同时期喷施,进而分析籽粒灌浆特性及产量因素。结果表明：在“常规施肥+抽穗期+灌浆期”和“常规施肥+拔节期+抽穗期+灌浆期”喷施“绿荣追施宝”皆能显著延长小麦的灌浆持续时间,获得较大的穗粒数、单株成穗数、千粒重,进而显著提高小麦产量,尤其在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期各喷施一次效果更好。建议小麦生产中,除常规施肥外,拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期各喷施一次“绿荣追施宝”,喷施浓度为800倍稀释液。