Effect of Seeding Rate on Seed and Hay Yield in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

The effects of six seeding rates (50-300 seeds m^−2:) on some morphological traits with hay and seed yield were evaluated in common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) under fall and spring sowing conditions. The mutual correlations among yield and yield components were also determined.
The sowing seasons and seeding rates significantly affected hay and seed yield, and most of the yield components. Fall sowings resulted in significantly higher hay and seed yield than spring sowings at all seeding rates, and the highest seed and hay yield was achieved in densities of 250 and 300 seeds m⁻². In spring sowings there was a positive response in hay yield up to 250 seeds m⁻² while no further increase in seed yield at the seeding rates higher than 150 seeds m⁻². Average protein content of hay and seed was found to be higher in spring sown crops than fall. The highest protein yields of hay and seed were obtained at 250 seeds m⁻² in fall sowings, and 150 seeds m⁻² in spring sowings.
Most of the correlations between both hay and seed yields with the yield components were not consistent and differed with the sowing time. Only the correlations between number of the plants per unit area with hay yield, and number of the pods and seeds per unit area with seed yield were statistically significant in both sowing seasons. Close positive associations were obtained between hay and seed yield.     

Precise, simple screening for resistance in potato varieties to common scab using paper pots

Resistance to common scab pathogen Streptomyces turgidiscabies of seven potato varieties was compared in the field with a newly developed paper pot method. Seedlings raised in soil in paper pots containing inocula at 1 × 10³ to 10⁷cfu/g soil were transplanted into a scab-free field and grown for 3 months. The disease severity of the seven varieties in the field trials differed in iteration and from year to year, even though their resistance levels were approximately similar at the expected levels. With the paper pot method, the seven varieties had different resistance levels, which were almost completely consistent with the results of the field trials, at more than 1 × 10⁵cfu/g soil. Significant differences in disease severity between resistant and susceptible varieties were observed (P = 0.05) for 2 years, and the resistance level of the varieties was elucidated.     

双孢菇不同碳氮比培养料配方的应用试验

为探索不同碳氮比(C/N)培养料配方对双孢菇产量的影响,在全州县绍水镇塘口村委乐家园村进行双孢菇不同碳氮比(C/N)培养料配方应用效果试验。结果表明:培养基料中C/N=25.4/1h,双孢菇产量最高,效益最好。     

油菜素内酯代谢相关基因BAS1等位变异影响小麦籽粒密度及粒重表型

BAS1(phy B activation-tagged suppressor1)是调控油菜素内酯活性的关键基因。本研究利用由和尚麦和豫麦8679杂交后代构建的RIL群体(包括129个家系),研究了BAS1和小麦千粒重、籽粒密度两个产量性状的关系。结果表明BAS1基因位点等位变异对千粒重和籽粒密度具有显著的影响,B型等位基因的家系其千粒重和籽粒密度均值均显著高于A型等位基因的家系。相关分析表明,BAS1位点等位变异分别与千粒重和籽粒密度呈显著(0.178*)和极显著(0.327***)正相关。研究结果揭示了BAS1基因位点等位变异与小麦粒重、籽粒密度间的密切联系,这对解释小麦产量形成机制及其指导高产育种具有重要的意义。     

Varietal Differences of Flood Tolerance during Germination and Selection of the Tolerant Lines in Common Buckwheat

Abstract

We evaluated the varietal difference in the flood tolerance of germinated seed in 17 Japanese varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), including both local varieties and bred varieties or lines of different agroecotypes. Germinated seeds were flooded for 1 day in a growth chamber in June, July and August. The mean rate of seedling emergence from the seeds sown on different dates varied with the variety ranging from 20.4 to 57.4%. The mean emergence rate of summer agroecotypes (29.9%) was significantly lower than that of intermediate and late-summer agroecotypes (42.8 and 40.1%, respectively), and that of local varieties (44.2%) was significantly higher than that of bred varieties or lines (31.2%). These results suggest that inherent variation in flood tolerance was decreased by breeding as a result of a bottleneck effect. The local variety ‘Kitou zairai’, which exhibited a high and stable seedling emergence rate, may be a suitable choice in breeding for flood tolerance during germination. We also attempted to select for flood tolerance under mild selection pressure. Mass selection after four generations increased seedling emergence rate in five of six selected lines (with the exception of ‘Kitawasesoba’) compared with those of unselected populations, although the results varied with the line. These results indicate the possibility of breeding for flood tolerance during the germination period.     

混播比例和刈割茬次对多花黑麦草+箭筈豌豆混播草地土壤细菌群落的影响

为探讨混播比例和刈割茬次对一年生禾豆混播草地土壤细菌群落的影响,本研究设多花黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum Lamk.）100%（R₁）、75%多花黑麦草+25%箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）（R₂）、50%多花黑麦草+50%箭筈豌豆（R₃）、25%多花黑麦草+75%箭筈豌豆（R₄）与100%箭筈豌豆（R₅）5个处理,分别于2017年1月4日（H₁）、3月14日（H₂）、4月21日（H₃）和5月19日（H₄）4个时期刈割,并采集0~20 cm土壤样本,分析土壤细菌群落组成。结果表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）是混播草地主要土壤细菌群落。禾豆混播比例对土壤alpha多样性无显著性影响,刈割茬次对土壤细菌操作分类单元（Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU）和物种丰富度指标（Chao 1指数）影响效果显著（P<0.05）,改变了细菌群落结构。刈割茬次引起土壤细菌群落变化,影响了多花黑麦草和箭筈豌豆混播草地土壤细菌群落结构的均匀性。     

Field testing of different synthetic attractants for mass trapping of common European cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha [L.], Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae) adults

Between 2012 and 2014, we tested the efficacy of different synthetic attractants for the purpose of massive trapping of common European cockchafer adults (Melolontha melolontha). The research took place in three different locations in Slovenia (Otlica, ?rni Vrh nad Idrijo, Cesta nad Ajdov??ino) during flight periods of adult beetles. In the period 2013–2014, we used, on the basis of the preliminary test results (2012), the following chemicals: toluquinone, cis–3–hexen–1-ol, ethyl acetate, toluquinone?+?cis–3 hexen–1-ol, and ethanol as a control. M. melolontha adults were most abundant in the location ?rni Vrh nad Idrijo; the traps in this location caught 18 times more of them than those in the first location and more than six times more than those in the third location. Male insects accounted for 73 to 87% of the trapped specimens. We confirmed the highest efficiency of cis–3–hexen–1-ol in 2013 (43.25?±?0.08 males/trap), as well as in 2014 (15.00?±?0.14 males/trap). On the basis of the trapped adult common European cockchafers and the simple economic analysis of applying different synthetic substances for attracting them, we found that independent application of cis-3-hexen-1-ol is the most efficient and cost-effective option for attracting the studied insect pest. Consequently, we recommend it as an attractant in the traps for massive trapping of adult common European cockchafers.     

Assessment of genetic diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

AFLP technique was applied to assess genetic diversity among 44 common bean accessions that included 6 exotic accessions, 15 Indian land races and 23 released varieties. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used that produced 820 products of which 698 were polymorphic (85.12%). Wide variations were observed among all the accessions for the number of amplification products, percent polymorphism and average polymorphism information content (PIC). The Jaccard's similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram generated revealed seven major groups. Seventeen out of 23 released varieties were restricted to clusters VI and VII. The value of r = 0.934 in Mantel's test for cophenetic corrlelation applied to the cluster analysis indicated the high fitness of the accessions to a group. The germplasm used in the present study had narrow genetic base, although moderate to high genetic diversity was observed. The details of diversity analysis and the potential use of Indian common bean accessions in common bean breeding programme are provided in the present study.     

ph1b,ph2a,ph2b基因在普通小麦与T.timopheevii杂交中的作用及应用前景

首次利用ph1b,ph2a,ph2b 3个突变体及中国春分别与T.timopheevii进行了杂交,对其杂种F#-1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体配对观察表明,3个基因都能诱导普通小麦与T.timopheevii部分同源或远的同源染色体的配对,其作用顺序是ph1b > ph2a > ph2b。其中ph1b基因可以诱导普通小麦与T.timopheevii G 染色体组间的部分同源染色体配对。在笔者所研究的T.timopheevii 中不存在Ph1（Ph1-like）和Ph2（Ph2-like）基因。由于这3个突变体与T.timopheevii 杂种F#-1用中国春回交都获得了成功,第一次证明了利用ph1b、ph2a从T.timopheevii 中“直接遗传转移”有益基因到普通小麦的可能性。特别利用ph1b基因可以从T.timopheevii 染色体组中“直接遗传转移”有益基因到普通小麦中。     

改变普通大豆生物学特性提高大豆产量的研究Ⅱ.中国扁茎大豆的生物学特性

中国扁茎大豆是个不稳定的分离群体。与普通大豆品种相比较,节数较多,节间较短,叶数较多,叶柄较短。群体中也有与美国扁茎大豆相似的顶端花序类型,开花结荚密集,但植株中下部仍然有大量花序。中国扁茎大豆可能是吉林２０号大豆品种的突变体。