银后亮丝草炭疽病菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究

银后亮丝草(AglaonemacommutatumSchottcv.SilverQueen)炭疽病的病原菌鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichumgloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.]。菌丝生长的适宜温度20～30℃,适宜pH4.5～6.0,分生孢子萌发的适宜温度20～35℃。碳源对菌丝生长的影响,以D-果糖和麦芽糖优于D-葡萄糖、D-山梨醇、蔗糖、D-木糖和乳糖;氮源对菌丝生长的影响,以牛肉浸膏和酵母浸膏优于蛋白胨、硝酸铵和硫酸铵;碳源对分生孢子萌发的影响,以D-葡萄糖、乳糖和蔗糖优于其他碳源;氮源对分生孢子萌发的影响,以蛋白胨、酵母浸膏和牛肉浸膏优于其他氮源。     

用RAPD标记研究中国木本植物胶孢炭疽菌的群体分化

收集并鉴定了43个胶孢炭疽菌菌株，用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)研究了胶胞炭疽菌种内的遗传分化。结果表明供试的43个菌株间遗传相似度变化较大。RAPD分子标记将43个胶胞炭疽菌菌株分为2个类群，其种内遗传分化与寄主没有相关性。因此认为根据寄主种类划分林木胶孢炭疽菌种内专化型不合适，用分子生物学方法更准确。     

唐山绿宝石炭疽病菌的分离与初步鉴定

对唐山花卉市场的绿宝石炭疽病进行了症状描述、病原菌分离和纯培养,发现在PDA培养基上,菌丝有隔,分生孢子产生于分生孢子盘内或在菌落上直接产生橘红色黏孢子团。分生孢子盘有时可见褐色刚毛,分生孢子梗无色,集生于分生孢子盘内,栅栏式排列,顶生分生孢子。分生孢子一般长椭圆形,两端钝圆,有时一端稍尖,单胞,无色,内含2个油球,大小为5.0~7.5μm×15.0~20.0μm。该病菌初步被鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌(Col-letotrichum gloeosporioidesPenz),属于真菌门(Eumycota),半知菌亚门(Deuteromycotina),腔孢纲(Coelomycetes),黑盘孢目(Melanconiales),黑盘孢科(Melanconiaceae),炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)。对该病菌进行了活体返接试验,发现可以在绿宝石叶片上产生典型病斑,并可重新分离到该病菌。     

番木瓜炭疽病生防木霉菌株的初步筛选

为利用生物防治的方法抑制番木瓜炭疽病,通过测定并综合分析比较各木霉菌株的抗生作用、产孢量、不同培养基下的抑菌率、生长速度以及耐药性,从90株木霉菌株中初步筛选出拮抗番木瓜炭疽菌的优良木霉菌(Trichodermaspp.)T05-049、T8-R、T05-035和T05-044等4株菌株,其产孢量分别为1.42×109、5.45×108、4.16×108、1.38×109;在1.01 mg/L特可多的条件下,均生长良好;该4个菌株在25、20、15和10℃下生长正常,耐温性较好,对炭疽菌(Colletotrichumspp.)的抗生作用分别为3、1、1、5;分别在PDA和番木瓜培养基上于25、20和15℃下培养,木霉对胶孢炭疽菌(C.gleosporioides)的抑制率在57.05%以上,对辣椒炭疽菌(C.capcisi)的抵制率在47.87%以上.     

番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌的生物学特性研究

对引起番木瓜（Carica papaya）炭疽病的胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosprioides Penz.）的生物学特性进行了研究.结果表明,该病原菌菌丝生长的温度为10～35℃,最适温度为25～28℃,分生孢子萌发的温度为10～40℃,最适温度为28～30℃;该菌在pH 3～11的范围内均可生长,菌丝生长的最适pH为6,分生孢子萌发的最适pH为5;分生孢子萌发对相对湿度要求严格,在水滴中萌发率最高;该菌在完全黑暗条件下生长速度最快;葡萄糖、乳糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉能促进分生孢子的萌发和形成;该菌的致死温度为55℃10 min.     

炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum Cda）分类学研究──Ⅴ．产直形孢子的种

报道了河北省炭疽菌属（ＣｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍＣｄａ）产直型孢子的７个种。其中４个种为河北省新记录，它们是：球炭疽菌Ｃ．ｃｏｃｃｏｄｅｓ（Ｗａｌｌｒ．）Ｈｕｓｎｅｓ，壳皮炭疽菌（Ｃ，ｃｒａｓｓｉｐｅｓ（ＳＰｅｇ．）Ａｒｓ，毁灭炭疽菌Ｃ．ｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｕｍＯ′Ｇａｒａ和芸苔炭疽菌Ｃ．ｈｉｇｇｉｎｓｉａｎｕｍＳａｃｃ．ａｐｕｄＨｉｇｇｉｎｓ．文中有种的特征描述和检索表。     

Genetic control of sorghum resistance to leaf anthracnose

A study was carried out to investigate the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, in sorghum. Crosses between resistant and susceptible parents and backcrosses between F₁ plants and the susceptible parents were carried out under field conditions. The F₁ generations and the segregant populations were evaluated under artificial inoculation conditions in the greenhouse. In the F₁ generation of all crosses with the respective isolates, all of the plants presented a resistance reaction except for the F₁ plants resulting from the BR009 × SC283 cross. In the F₂ generation, the frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants conformed to the hypothesis that one gene with two alleles controls host resistance, except in one cross. Out of the eight backcrosses, six presented segregation that corresponded to the hypothesis formulated. For most crosses, resistance was dominant, and the proportions of resistant and susceptible plants in the segregant populations conformed to the frequencies expected under the hypothesis of gene‐for‐gene resistance and dominant gene action.     

Light and scanning electron microscopy studies on the infection process of melon leaves by Colletotrichum lagenarium

Colletotrichum lagenarium is the casual agent of anthracnose disease of melons. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the infection process of C. lagenarium on the leaves of two melon cultivars differing in susceptibility. On both cultivars conidia began germinating 12 h after inoculation (hai), forming appressoria directly or at the tips of germ-tubes. By 48 hai appressoria had melanised and direct penetration of host tissue had begun. On the susceptible cultivar, infection vesicles formed within 72 hai and developed thick, knotted primary hyphae within epidermal cells. By 96 hai C. lagenarium produced highly branched secondary hyphae that invaded underlying mesophyll cells. After 96 hai, light brown lesions appeared on the leaves, coincident with cell necrosis and invasion by secondary hyphae. While appressoria formed more quickly on the resistant cultivar, fewer germinated to develop biotrophic primary or invasive necrotrophic secondary hyphae than on the susceptible cultivar. These results confirm that C. lagenarium is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and that resistance in melons restricts colonisation by inhibiting the development of necrotrophic secondary hyphae.     

Sources of Resistance to Anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) in Wild Lens Species

Lentil anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus et W.D. Moore is a potential threat in many lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production regions of North America. In the lentil germplasm maintained in Germany and North America, 16 lines were reported to have resistance to race Ct1, but none has resistance reported to race Ct0. The objective of this study was to examine accessions of wild Lens species for their resistance to races Ct1 and Ct0 of lentil anthracnose. Five hundred and seventy-four wild accessions of six species and control lines were screened in two replications under both field and greenhouse conditions using a 1–9 scoring scale (1, highly resistant; 2–3, resistant; 4–5, moderately resistant; 6–7, susceptible; and 8–9, highly susceptible). Indianhead and PI 320937 were resistant while Eston and Pardina were susceptible to race Ct1 as expected. However, none of the check lines were resistant to race Ct0. Among the six Lens wild species tested, accessions of Lens ervoides (Brign.) Grande had the highest level of resistance, 3–5 to race Ct1 and Ct0 followed by L. lamottei Czefr. in the field and greenhouse. Lens orientalis (Boiss.), L. odemensis L., L. nigricans (M. Bieb.) Godron and L. tomentosus L. were highly susceptible, 8–9 to race Ct0 in the greenhouse. The highest frequency of resistance, especially in L. ervoides (Brign.) Grande, was found in accessions originating from Syria and Turkey. The usefulness of these L. ervoides (Brign.) Grande accessions as sources of resistance to the more virulent race of anthracnose in a lentil breeding program is discussed.     

烟草低头黑病病原菌的研究

 烟草低头黑病是烟草的主要病害之一,主要发生于山东潍坊一带烟区。经过对病原菌分离培养、形态特征观察、致病性和寄主范围测定,鉴定为辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici)的新变型——辣椒炭疽菌烟草变型(Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby f. nicotianae G. M. Zhang & G. Z. Jiang f. nov)(烟草低头黑病菌)。