院县联建科技成果转化基地服务冀东滨海现代农业

通过对基地建设背景以及科技需求的分析,阐述了院县联建滨海现代农业科技成果转化基地的重要性、必要性,并以实践、事实为依据,展示了建设基地对冀东滨海区域现代农业发展所起到的现实科技支撑作用。     

基于分形理论的滨海新区土地利用空间格局变化研究

[目的]探讨基于分形理论的滨海新区土地利用空间格局变化。[方法]利用遥感和地理信息系统技术获取滨海新区1993-2008年城市土地利用现状数据,运用分形理论分别计算了各类用地的边界维数、半径维数、信息维数这3种分维,并对它们所揭示的土地利用空间格局变化特征予以分析。[结果]滨海新区各土地利用类型的空间分布具有明显的分形特征,而各地类3种分维值的大小和变化有效揭示出了研究区土地利用空间格局的复杂性、向心聚集性和均衡性的变化。未利用地、盐田的边界维数不断上升,表明其边界日趋复杂。港口码头、滩涂的边界日趋简单。耕地的半径维数大于2,表明其面积从中心到四周逐步增长;盐田、水域则在距城市中心的不同半径空间中较为均匀的分布;其余地类则从中心向四周分布逐步衰减。林园地、未利用地、滩涂信息维数值较小,呈现较为明显的集中分布;耕地、盐田的空间分布逐渐向外围集中;港口码头则在原有基础上建设面积不断向四方扩展;水域和居民点与工矿用地的空间分布较均匀。[结论]将分形理论运用于城市土地利用空间格局变化研究中能很好地弥补以往城市空间格局研究中定量论证的不足,具有较高的实践价值。     

中山市五桂山海岸带迎背风坡土壤理化性质的比较

研究了五桂山造林4年后迎背风坡面土壤理化状况,以期了解海岸带迎风坡山地土壤退化情况。结果表明,迎背风坡面土壤物理性质差异不大;迎风坡有机质、硝态氮、盐分离子以及全钾离子的含量明显降低,土壤存在一定贫瘠、退化现象;迎风坡人工种植植被生长量、存活率等低于背风坡。所以,在海岸带退化生态系统的人工恢复过程中,应注意土壤和植被的协同恢复,选择适应迎风坡恶劣环境条件的抗性树种。     

Using coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic model to investigate spawning migration of Japanese anchovy,Engraulis japonicus,from the East China Sea to Taiwan

Adult Japanese anchovies (Engraulis japonicus) migrate from the East China Sea to the coastal region of Taiwan to spawn around late winter and early spring and, later, their larvae constitute important fisheries in Taiwan. However, their migration route and its mechanism remain unclear. To investigate their spawning migration, we used a coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic modeling approach. The physical field is simulated by the Pacific Ocean adaptation of the TaIwan Multi‐scale Community Ocean Model (TIMCOM) and the fish migration by Lagrangian tracer tracking with the aid of approximation of fish swimming behavior. We investigated three fish behavioral scenarios: (i) passive tracking of the current, (ii) swimming along with the current, and (iii) swimming along with the current and then changing to swimming toward the optimal spawning temperature. The comparison with and without Changjiang discharge is used to investigate the impacts of discharge reduction due to the Three Gorges Dam. Our results suggest that spawning migration of Japanese anchovy from the East China Sea to Taiwan may be aided by the China Coastal Current and that adult anchovies cannot reach the spawning site by passive advection alone. Thus, the swimming behavior of anchovies is crucial during the spawning migration, as it provides extra velocity and the orientation to the favorable spawning grounds. In addition, the adult anchovy is unlikely to reach the coastal area of Taiwan without Changjiang discharge. Our findings indicate that a coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic model can help understand the influences of physical environment on the migration of Japanese anchovies.     

Plant diversity and its maintenance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus euphratica</Emphasis> riparian forests in the Ejina Oasis,China

The dynamic environments in riparian zones support a variety of life-history strategies, which constitute a fundamental mechanism for development and maintenance of biodiversity in riparian forest ecosystems. To demonstrate the effect of life-history strategies on biodiversity, we investigated community-level diversity and its relationship to environmental variability in the riparian Populus euphratica forests of the Ejina Oasis. Communities were divided into 14 associations on the basis of their species importance values. The Simpson’s index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness index and the regional Whittaker’s index were applied to calculate community diversity. An ordination of the sample plots was carried out by correspondence analysis (CA). Biodiversity was relatively low across the entire study area, but there was high community diversity (βw = 8.09) due to the spatial heterogeneity of habitats in different plots. In addition, we investigated the relationship between biodiversity and several environmental factors, such as water availability, community components and soil conditions. We conclude that the heterogeneity of soil and water availability drives community diversity patterns in riparian zones and that community-level diversity favors the maintenance of species diversity in the P. euphratica forests in the Ejina Oasis.     

鄱阳湖及周边经济区种植业区划

种植业区划是为了当地种植业的发展,使当地种植业适应农业现代化的发展要求,并适当增加当地农民的收入。收集了鄱阳湖及周边经济区29个县、市、区种植业方面2005年的数据,选取11个指标作为区划指标．用DPS软件进行系统聚类,用Arc View GIS3．2软件形成区划地图。最后鄱阳湖及周边经济区种植业共分为4个区,即：（1）中部、东北部洼地、平原、山地粮食作物种植区;（2）西南、中部山地、丘陵粮食、油料作物种植区;（3）西北、北部山地、洼地棉花、油菜种植区;（4）东南、东北部丘陵、平原粮食兼油菜、糖料、蔬菜作物种植区。通过区划,对当地种植业的发展有一定的指导作用。     

江苏沿海贝类养殖气候适宜性分析

[目的]研究江苏沿海贝类养殖的气候适宜性。[方法]采取农业气象指标分析法。[结果]常规统计指标和经验指标均表明,江苏沿海气候是能养殖贝类的,气候适宜性区域间是有差异的。[结论]从气候相对适宜性看,江苏沿海养殖贝类的优先顺序为连云港、南通、盐城;造成区域间贝类养殖气候适宜性差异的主要因素是高温、低气压、多雨、强降水等。气象为贝类养殖服务的重点应该是灾害性天气的影响程度评估和灾害性天气预报服务及防灾抗灾的应对措施研究等。     

沿海地区肉羊新品种选育工作展望

从国内肉羊新品种育种的必要性、育种的发展概况和趋势、该领域的科技水平和知识产权状况、国内外竞争及产业化前景、沿海地区肉羊育种的优越性等五个方面进行了全面详细的阐述,阐明在肉羊产业高速发展中,对专用肉羊品种需求的紧迫要求,说明在沿海地区进行肉羊新品种的选育工作,是符合农村产业结构调整的内在要求,适应市场对产业发展的要求。     

沿海平原农区森林覆盖率灰色线性规划的确定研究

为了科学地确定一个地区的森林覆盖率,应用灰色线性规划的方法,进行了１９个变量,５组３１个约束条件,５种森林覆盖率（１５％,２０％,２５％,３０％,３５％）的处理,研究了以县为单位的森林覆盖率规划。结果表明：以净产值最大为规划目标,确定沿海平原农区东台市的森林覆盖率以２５％为优。文中还讨论了实现这一目标的必要性和可行性以及研究的方法论。     

江苏海岸带林农复合模式林分密度研究

对江苏海岸带１－４年生５种造林密度林农复合模式的综合经济效益进行了较系统地调查和评价。结果表明：在造林后１￣２ａ内,林分密度对林农复合经营影响不明显,２ａ后,则成为制约林农复合经营综合经济效益的主导因子,在５种密度林农复合模式中以农林比例５：１,株行距采用小株距、大行距配置形式的综合经济效益最高;会议收益率为１９．６５％,净现值为５８２５．５７元／ｈｍ＾２,净现值指数为１．７１２,林业农业土地经济