林下可燃物管理方式对森林碳储量的影响

森林具有吸收CO2和储存碳的功能.森林火灾会引起碳泄露,加速温室效应,减少森林火灾,确保森林资源安全,即实现增汇减排,减缓温室效应.森林可燃物是火灾的物质基础,采取有效措施对可燃物进行管理可减少森林火灾,比较计划烧除、清理、绞碎覆盖碾压和掩埋4个方式预防森林火灾的效果和固碳效益.清理可燃物和掩埋可燃物所达到的防火效果是最好的,其次是计划烧除,最后是绞碎覆盖碾压;掩埋最有利于提高森林固碳效益,其次是计划烧除和绞碎覆盖碾压.     

移动啮合式青饲料颗粒机环模清理机构的结构设计及其仿真分析

根据移动啮合式青饲料颗粒机的实际工作条件,设计一种适用于在该机环模系统工作时将粘留在环模上余留下来粉末即时清理的新型环模清理机构,将其安装在青饲料颗粒机中,能适应总体工作。该设计采用了虚拟样机技术进行建模以及运动仿真,简化其机构模型,合理加载参数关系,并借助ADAMS软件,对其重要部件凸轮推动的清理轴进行运动学分析。结果表明,在工作过程中清理轴与相应推力部件间的运动关系合理,因此判断该机构在生产应用中具有可行性。     

Patrolling with Livestock Guard Dogs: A Potential Method to Reduce Predation on Sheep

Patrolling with livestock guard dogs in mountain rangelands in Norway was evaluated as a method to prevent predation in areas with widely dispersed sheep. In contrast to guard dogs, patrol dogs are more socially bonded to people and follow a range inspector around. Range inspection was performed in 5 h bouts during three nights per week. The method was tested during three summer seasons in a total of eight sheep flocks grazing in three different mountain ranges. In total, three inspectors and four dogs were involved. Significant reductions in the number of sheep lost were achieved in one of the study areas. Lack of significance in the other areas was mainly due to the size of the area and qualities of the dogs: the range to be patrolled by one man dog unit should not exceed 10-12 km 2 , and the dogs should be experienced guard dogs which are properly socialized for this method.     

赤霉病麦粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇消解方法研究进展

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxyniva1eno1,DON)是污染谷物籽粒及其制品的主要真菌毒素之一,对农业生产和人体健康均有重要影响。高温、吸附剂、脱皮等物理和化学处理方法虽然可以在一定程度上降低谷物籽粒及其制品的DON毒素含量,但也会对其食用和营养价值产生不利影响,甚至还会造成二次污染。辐照技术作为一种便捷、高效、经济的DON毒素降解手段,可以有效降低谷物籽粒及其制品中的DON毒素含量,但应对其降解产物的毒性进行安全评价。     

低碳园林的营建原则与方法

追溯了低碳理论产生的历史并阐述了低碳经济的概念,界定了低碳园林的内涵和原则,指出低碳园林的营造应遵循尊重场地、自然做功、景观异质、彰显自然的原则,进而探讨了低碳园林的营建方法,突出在雨水储蓄利用、绿色园林构筑物、污水净化循环、建造材料选择、植物增汇措施5个方面,阐明低碳城市园林绿化理念和技术是园林绿化建设的新思路,也是建设低碳城市的迫切需要。     

震后建筑废墟地整理模式研究

震后灾区重建中出现可供配置的土地资源严重短缺,因此土地整理成为震后重建工作的重要任务之一。从建筑用地的房屋结构、地震烈度、用途、地质构造等方面,分析建筑废墟地损毁状况,根据建筑废墟地整理的原则,提出几种有差别的建筑废墟地整理模式。一是城镇建筑废墟地整理模式。通过建筑废墟的处理和地基处理技术整理为建设用地;通过土壤重构整理为生态用地;通过消除隐患工程整理为旅游、教学科研等用地。二是农村居民点废墟地整理模式。通过土地平整技术、土壤重构技术、农田基础设施建设技术整理为耕地;通过选址、基础设施建设整理为新村模式。最后提出保证灾区土地整理工作良好运作的建议。     

水稻有机栽培谷壳施入方法的研究

本试验于2012年以日本水稻品种越光-2(Koshihikari-2)为试验材料进行田间试验,旨在探索以水稻谷壳作硅肥的最佳施入方法、用量以及对水稻生长发育的影响。试验结果证明,适量基施谷壳能抑制水稻前期过旺生长、保持中后期生长稳健、缩短基部节间长度、改善株型、增强抗病抗倒能力、提高分蘖成穗率、增加穗粒数和千粒重,从而提高单产;在插秧前将谷壳做基肥全层施入1kg/m2为最佳施入方法和用量,每666.7 m2产量为414.3kg,比对照CK的374.5kg增产幅度达10.4%,差异达极显著水平。     

柑橘灰象甲危害园林苗木习性观察及防治试验

对园林苗木生长过程中柑橘灰象甲的生长习性（趋嫩性、选择性、避光性、假死性、交配习性、越冬习性等）进行观察,并从农业防治、人工防治、物理防治、生物防治等进行防治试验,形成初步观察和试验结果,旨在为园林苗木防治提供一定的技术参考。     

Automatic detection of skin defects in citrus fruits using a multivariate image analysis approach

One of the main problems in the post-harvest processing of citrus is the detection of visual defects in order to classify the fruit depending on their appearance. Species and cultivars of citrus present a high rate of unpredictability in texture and colour that makes it difficult to develop a general, unsupervised method able of perform this task. In this paper we study the use of a general approach that was originally developed for the detection of defects in random colour textures. It is based on a Multivariate Image Analysis strategy and uses Principal Component Analysis to extract a reference eigenspace from a matrix built by unfolding colour and spatial data from samples of defect-free peel. Test images are also unfolded and projected onto the reference eigenspace and the result is a score matrix which is used to compute defective maps based on the T² statistic. In addition, a multiresolution scheme is introduced in the original method to speed up the process. Unlike the techniques commonly used for the detection of defects in fruits, this is an unsupervised method that only needs a few samples to be trained. It is also a simple approach that is suitable for real-time compliance. Experimental work was performed on 120 samples of oranges and mandarins from four different cultivars: Clemenules, Marisol, Fortune, and Valencia. The success ratio for the detection of individual defects was 91.5%, while the classification ratio of damaged/sound samples was 94.2%. These results show that the studied method can be suitable for the task of citrus inspection.     

药用植物昆虫学课程教学方法改革的几点思考

针对药用植物昆虫学课程的教学方法改革进行了研究和实践,在实践中总结了一系列的教学体会,对提高本课程的教学效果,提高学生的主动思考能力、创造能力和实践能力的培养提供了有效参考,为培养出满足社会需要的本科人才提供有效保障。