双吸风口振动式花生荚果清选装置设计与试验

为改进花生摘果机、花生捡拾收获机的清选装置,提高花生清选性能,在花生摘果机清选物飘浮速度试验基础上,根据饱满花生荚果、空瘪果、碎茎秆、果柄和花生叶等各组分飘浮速度差异,提出了前、后2个吸风口(双吸风口)与振动筛组合式清选原理,进行了总体方案与关键部件设计并研制出5XT-2Z型花生摘果机,通过清选性能试验研究了振动筛振动频率、吸风口高度和风机转速对花生清选损失率和含杂率的影响。试验结果表明,3种饱满花生荚果飘浮速度为10.30~14.39 m/s,空瘪果、碎茎秆、花生果柄和花生飘浮速度分别为7.03~8.89 m/s、4.51~5.46 m/s、2.80~3.35 m/s、1.74~2.13 m/s;优化后的振动筛曲柄转速为200 r/min,吸风口高度为135 mm,风机转速为390 r/min,此参数下清选损失率为1.35%,含杂率为1.75%。     

洁净燃烧热风炉结构与设计

设计了基于型煤洁净燃烧技术及高强化传热技术的新型热风炉,可用于粮食及农副产品的干燥。编制了热风炉优化设计程序,阐述了热风炉结构特点及设计要点。试验表明,洁净燃烧热风炉的排放烟尘质量浓度只有常规热风炉的5％,其热效率比国家标准提高了3个百分点,具有低污染、高效率、长寿命等优点。     

清洁生产在旅游酒店业中的应用研究

针对我国旅游酒店业的实际,指出酒店在生产、服务与管理等方面应如何应用清洁生产的思想观念、技术和方法来提高酒店的经济、社会和环境效益。     

移动啮合式青饲料颗粒机环模清理机构的结构设计及其仿真分析

根据移动啮合式青饲料颗粒机的实际工作条件,设计一种适用于在该机环模系统工作时将粘留在环模上余留下来粉末即时清理的新型环模清理机构,将其安装在青饲料颗粒机中,能适应总体工作。该设计采用了虚拟样机技术进行建模以及运动仿真,简化其机构模型,合理加载参数关系,并借助ADAMS软件,对其重要部件凸轮推动的清理轴进行运动学分析。结果表明,在工作过程中清理轴与相应推力部件间的运动关系合理,因此判断该机构在生产应用中具有可行性。     

中药材白术初加工技术研究

[目的]研究白术初加工技术.[方法]通过考察药材质量、操作时长等因素,比较传统与现代初加工方法的优劣.[结果]2种加工方法的药材质量均符合药典及其他相关标准,无显著差异.[结论]现代初加工方法效率高、品质均一,比传统初加工方法优.     

林下可燃物管理方式对森林碳储量的影响

森林具有吸收CO2和储存碳的功能.森林火灾会引起碳泄露,加速温室效应,减少森林火灾,确保森林资源安全,即实现增汇减排,减缓温室效应.森林可燃物是火灾的物质基础,采取有效措施对可燃物进行管理可减少森林火灾,比较计划烧除、清理、绞碎覆盖碾压和掩埋4个方式预防森林火灾的效果和固碳效益.清理可燃物和掩埋可燃物所达到的防火效果是最好的,其次是计划烧除,最后是绞碎覆盖碾压;掩埋最有利于提高森林固碳效益,其次是计划烧除和绞碎覆盖碾压.     

不同播深下清棵对花生生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]明确辽宁地区不同播深下清棵对花生生长发育及产量的影响,为指导辽宁花生生产提供参考.[方法]以花生品种农花5号为供试材料,在密度为30万株/hm2条件下设置3种播种深度(3、5、7 cm),每个播种深度设有清棵和不清棵(对照)处理,研究不同播深下清棵对花生生长发育及产量的影响.[结果]在大气、土壤、栽培管理措施等因素完全一致的条件下,株高、叶面积指数、第1和第2对侧枝的果针数和荚果数、地上部干物质重、荚果重等指标表现为:3 cm播深下清棵处理低于不清棵对照,5、7 cm播深下清棵处理均高于不清棵对照;3种播深下清棵表现为:5 cm播深最大,7 cm播深次之,3 cm播深最小.在产量构成因素及产量方面,5 cm播深下清棵处理的百仁重、百果重、单株饱果数表现最突出.荚果产量表现为:3 cm播深下清棵低于对照,即在3 cm播深下清棵会造成减产;而5、7cm播深下均呈增产趋势,其中5 cm播深下清棵产量较高,迭4 071.0 kg/hm2,比不清棵对照增产21.6％,其次是7 cm播深下清棵处理产量为3 494.2 kg/hm2,比不清棵对照增产3.3％,二者产量差异显著.[结论]5 cm播深下清棵处理产量较高,适合推广.     

Height development of Betula pubescens following precommercial thinning by breaking or cutting the treetops in different seasons

Topping, i.e. cutting or breaking the treetops of secondary stems, may be an attractive alternative to traditional precommercial thinning. The survival and height development of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) after topping were examined over three growing seasons in two dense, naturally regenerated stands, 3.1–3.5 m high, in northern Sweden. The topping was performed in experiments with a two-factor randomized complete block design, as follows. Three treatments were applied to individual secondary stems (top-breaking at half the sample tree mean height, top-cutting at half the sample tree mean height, and traditional cutting just above ground) at each of three times: winter, spring and summer (in frozen, dormant and growing conditions, respectively). A control (no treatment) was also included. The survival rate was lowest for traditionally cut stems and for stems cut in growing conditions. Height development after three growing seasons was significantly affected by time of treatment, the height growth being lowest after treatment in growing conditions, but not by treatment. Height growth of control stems was not significantly different from height growth in any combination of treatment and time of treatment, after three growing seasons. However, control stems had the greatest leading shoot length in the third growing season.     

Influence of precommercial thinning grade on branch diameter and crown ratio in Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden

Precommercial thinning is regarded as one of the most important measures for influencing timber quality in stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The present study considers the influence of both thinning intensity and tree height at the time of thinning on diameter of the thickest branch and crown ratio. A total of 115 plots (either naturally regenerated, planted or sown, and either thinned down to 528–8000 stems?ha^?1 or untreated) included in 20 sites in southern Sweden were analysed. The average tree height after thinning varied from 1.2 to 8.3?m. An increasing number of remaining stems resulted in a reduction in branch diameter, although the reduction appeared to be only minor if the number of stems after thinning was more than 3000 stems?ha^?1. It was found that late thinning reduced the diameter of the thickest branch. The crown ratio decreased with stand height, number of stems after thinning and average height at thinning. The results were consistent for all trees and for the 500 thickest trees per hectare.     

洁利康对有机磷农药残留的去除效果

[目的]明确洁利康对有机磷农药残留的去除效果。[方法]以洗涤灵、洁利康和清水为供试清洗剂,采用高效液相色谱法,研究洁利康对大白菜叶片表面的对硫磷、水胺硫磷残留的去除效果。[结果]洁利康对大白菜叶片水胺硫磷残留的去除率为82.3%,而洗涤灵和清水的去除率分别为78.7%和62.2%。洁利康对大白菜叶片对硫磷残留的去除率达90.8%,洗涤灵和清水的去除率分别为81.2%和76.9%。[结论]洁利康能有效去除大白菜叶片表面的有机磷农药残留,是很有发展前途的专用农药残留清洗剂。