春秋兼用家蚕品种“渝蚕1号”的育成

采用杂交育种和系统选择的方法,育成优良家蚕新品种中4、C106、日5,并与引进品种皓月组配成中4.C106×皓月.日5(渝蚕1号)的四元杂交组合。经四川省蚕品种审定的实验室鉴定和农村鉴定,该品种表现出强健、好养、发育整齐、茧丝质优良等特点,全茧量2.45 g、茧层率23.27%、解舒率75.22%,主要经济指标超过对照种。该品种已通过四川省家蚕品种审定,并在生产上试繁推广。     

基于社会单元制图的徽州古村落景观格局分析——以宏村为例

社会单元制图是通过公众在日常活动,对区域内不同类型空间的使用、感知和经历进行评价,并将评价结果以图谱形式展现出来.社会单元价值图谱不仅能展示不同空间的社会价值,显示公众使用相应空间的尺度、范围和所属级别,还能够呈现公众对于空间使用的偏好与评价.该研究将社会单元图谱引入徽州古村落的保护与规划,可有效地将公众参与引入古村落...     

日本落叶松种子园结实母株种实性状对氮磷钾配比施肥的响应

为提高日本落叶松种子园肥料利用率,有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质;在甘肃省沙坝落叶松/云杉国家良种基地,以30年左右正常开花结实的日本落叶松嫁接无性系分株为研究对象,采用随机试验设计,设置了N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平,以不施肥（N₀P₀K₀）作为对照,研究N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对种实性状的影响。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明：N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对日本落叶松结实母株种实性状的影响具有显著差异（P<0.05）,不同配比施肥均能促进球果和种子性状的有效改善,N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₁K₂配比水平施肥千粒质量分别比对照提高了38.1%、32.1%和30.0%;尤其以N₁P₂K₁的效果最为显著,球果鲜质量和单个球果平均生产种子质量是对照（N₀P₀K₀）的2.08倍和2.26倍,也是N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平的1.53倍,高出N₁P₁K₁施肥配比水平的9.4%和30.0%。30年左右日本落叶松种子园能有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质的N、P、K施肥配比水平为N₁P₂K₁。     

ASR蛋白与植物的抗逆性研究进展

 ASR蛋白（the abscisic acid,stress,ripening protein）是生物体中广泛存在的一类与渗透调节有关的家族蛋白,植物受到逆境胁迫（如干旱、低温、盐胁迫、ABA等）后,ASR蛋白大量表达,可以减轻逆境引起的伤害。ASR蛋白在细胞中可以稳定细胞膜结构,作为分子伴侣,具有结合离子和防止氧化等作用,被认为是在胁迫过程中对植物起保护作用的物质之一。针对这些重要特性,综述了ASR蛋白分类、结构和编码基因及其表达调控方式及ASR基因表达、ASR蛋白积累与植物抗逆性的关系等方面的研究进展。     

黄土坡地径流收集膜下自流出滴灌溉系统设计及其生态效益研究

黄土坡地径流收集及膜下自流出滴灌溉技术可有效地收集丰雨期地表径流,就地储存,旱季利用自然高差灌入集水袋,经自流管进行膜下自流灌溉,可有效地提高该区降水利用率,有效地解决黄土高原地形破碎、渠系难以浇灌的难题.造林试验表明,该技术可明显地提高20～70 cm土层含水量,可使刺槐、油松、枣树造林成活率分达到97.7%、91.4%、90.5%,比对照分别提高了57.0%、77.8%和69.4%;结合幼树根基覆膜技术,在栽植第2年即可使刺槐、油松、枣树之主径分别比对照提高26.9%、55.2%和49.6%,树冠投影面积分别比对照提高90.9%、74.2%和51.8%.同时可明显地降低坡地土壤侵蚀模数,在降雨387 mm的情况下,处理区径流发生量及土壤侵蚀模数分别较对照下降38.3%和102.7%.具有良好的生态效益和社会效益,在立地条件差、地形破碎的黄土丘陵沟壑区是一项投资少、效益高、简单易行的抗旱新技术,在我国西北同类型干旱地区有着较好的推广前景.     

The Effect of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of Left Atrial Pressure in Dogs with Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Background: Despite many epidemiological reports concerning the efficacy of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR), the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitor administration have not been fully evaluated. Objectives: To document left atrial pressure (LAP) in dogs with MR administered ACE inhibitors, in order to obtain interesting information about daily LAP changes with administration of ACE inhibitors. Animals: Five healthy Beagle dogs weighing 9.8 to 14.2 kg (2 males and 3 females; aged 2 years). Methods: Experimental, crossover, and interventional study. Chordae tendineae rupture was induced, and a radiotelemetry transmitter catheter was inserted into the left atrium. LAP was recorded for 72 consecutive hours during which each of 3 ACE inhibitors—enalapril (0.5 mg/kg/d), temocapril (0.1 mg/kg/d), and alacepril (3.0 mg/kg/d)—were administered in a crossover study. Results: Averaged diurnal LAP was significantly, but slightly reduced by alacepril (P= .03, 19.03 ± 3.01–18.24 ± 3.07 mmHg). The nightly drops in LAP caused by alacepril and enalapril were significantly higher than the daily drops (P= .03, ?0.98 ± 0.19 to ?0.07 ± 0.25 mmHg, and P= .03, ?0.54 ± 0.21–0.02 ± 0.17 mmHg, respectively), despite the fact that the oral administrations were given in the morning. Systolic blood pressure (122.7 ± 14.4–117.4 ± 13.1 mmHg, P= .04) and systemic vascular resistance (5800 ± 2685–5144 ± 2077 dyne × s/cm⁵, P= .03) were decreased by ACE inhibitors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: ACE inhibitors decrease LAP minimally, despite reductions in left ventricular afterload. ACE inhibitors should not be used to decrease LAP.     

水稻矮缩病毒基因组及毒粒三维结构的研究进展

水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)为双层壳、二十面体的双链RNA病毒,是水稻的重要病原物之一.文中比较了RDV中国福建分离物与日本分离物基因组各片段核苷酸序列的相似性,发现RDV两个不同分离物基因组相应片段的相似性均在92%以上,最高可达96%;分析了相应基因组片段编码的结构蛋白P1、P2、P3、P5、P7、P8及以前一直被认为是非结构蛋白的P9和非结构蛋白Pns4、Pns6、Pns10 、Pns11和Pns12在RDV复制、组装过程中的功能;回顾了RDV粒子三维结构的研究概况,对RDV粒子内、外层衣壳的晶体学结构作了较详细的描述;简要介绍了RDV复制与组装的机制,发现核心蛋白与dsRNA间相互作用成为一个单元是病毒RNA的分拣及包装到病毒粒子核心内的可能机制.同时,指出基于PDR的植物抗病毒基因工程在水稻矮缩病毒防治上的可能性.     

美洲黑杨基因资源收存及其遗传评价的研究

从１７个国家引进３３１个黑杨派无性系（其中５２个美洲黑杨无性系）,在山东省长清县营建我国第一个黑杨派无性系基因库。连续１０年对基因库内美洲黑杨无性系进行了多性状系统研究,结果表明各无性系间在物候期、生长、生根、抗寒和抗病虫等方面均存在着显著的差异,遗传变异丰富;系间的主要性状与无性系起源纬度及各性状间存在一定相关性。主要材料性状变异的研究结果表明,３８个８年生美洲黑杨无性系在木材基本密度、纤维长度无性系间变异达到极显著水平;木材密度和纤维长度与树高和胸径呈一定相关性;木材密度和纤维长度这两个性状在遗传上相互独立,受不同遗传机制控制。利用分子遗传标记ＲＡＰＤ技术研究库内美洲黑杨无性系ＤＮＡ多态性,结果表明本库美洲黑杨ＤＮＡ多态率为８６％,再次证明本库美洲黑杨遗传多样性高,可为我国杨树改良提供丰富的育种材料。     

Evaluation of cultivation methods and sustainable agricultural practices for improving shallot bulb production – a review

Abstract

Shallot is an economically important nutritive bulb vegetable and medicinal plant from Alliaceae family. Distributed in limited regions worldwide, in most cases, shallots widely grow in very cold to moderate cold temperate climates at high elevations required to induce bolting and overcome their bulbs and true seeds dormant period. Shallot responses to agricultural management and environmental conditions vary among different species and genotypes and, thus, selection of the elite genotypes is a prerequisite for obtaining desired yield and quality of bulbs and true seeds. Plant material (seed or bulb), plant selection, as well as cultivation and agricultural practices (importantly fertilization, spacing, planting date, and irrigation in greenhouse or farmland) critically affect productivity, phytonutrient value, and economic profit of the shallot produces. The knowledge of using biofertilizers and mulching techniques on shallots are currently evolving, but the information on the efficiency of nanobiofertilizers and eco-friendly and biodegradable mulching materials on shallots farming are still lacking. With the emphasis on sustainable agricultural systems, the efficiency of combined organic and inorganic fertilization is discussed and the potential biofertilizer agents are recommended. This review highlights the importance of using the integrated fertilization (organic and inorganic methods combined with biofertilizers) and irrigation methods (such as two-line spray hose irrigation combined with mulching), and the practices with the highest potential to further improve shallot farming are suggested. The information on shallots breeding is still lacking and requires extensive researches in the future.     

黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征

本文以月降水距平为指标,根据黄河流域典型台站４０年的降水资料,对黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征进行了分析,并进行了区域划分。