盐对柚幼苗的胁迫效应分析

以坪山柚为材料,研究了盐对坪山柚幼苗的胁迫效应。结果表明:40mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,坪山柚幼苗受害症状轻,幼苗生长受影响小;80~200mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,随NaCl浓度提高,坪山柚幼苗受害症状逐渐加重,幼苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重和根部干重明显降低。不同浓度NaCl胁迫20d,坪山柚幼苗根及地上部Na+,Cl-,甜菜碱质量分数增加,K+质量分数及K+/Na+质量比下降。NaCl胁迫影响坪山柚幼苗生长与Na+和Cl-大量积累有关。NaCl胁迫下,维持相对稳定的根与冠干重比、保持根K+与Na+质量比>1及根部具有较高的甜菜碱含量,是坪山柚幼苗耐盐胁迫的一种适应。      

大豆花叶病毒对大豆生长的影响

在人工接种江苏大豆花叶病毒（ＳＭＶ）ＳＡ株系条件下，研究了ＳＭＶ对１９个抗性不同的大豆品种９个主要性状的影响。结果表明，１３个感病品种在苗期接种ＳＡ后，除根瘤数外其余８个性状均与对照有极显著差异，受ＳＭＶ影响的程度从大至小依次为单株粒重、单株叶面积、根瘤重、茎叶干重、根干重、种子褐斑粒率、株高、百粒重。抗病品种９个性状均与对照无显著差异。感病品种在苗期与花期分别接种ＳＡ后，褐斑粒率、百粒重、单株粒重有极显著差异，早期感染ＳＭＶ其危害大于中后期感染．     

Management of Bemisia tabaci biotype B with botanical and mineral oils

While the toxic effects of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, on Bemisia tabaci Genn. are well documented, few studies have evaluated other oils. We compared neem, sesame, citrus, castor, vegetable and mineral oils (1% v/v) to a chemical standard thiamethoxam (0.17 g A.I./L) against B. tabaci biotype B life stages on dry bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris L. under screenhouse conditions. Oils and thiamethoxam exhibited low ovicidal activity (<10% egg mortality). However, significant mortality occurred due to the residual activity to 1st instars that emerged from treated eggs. Overall, impacts of egg treatments were greatest for thiamethoxam (77% total mortality for eggs and 1st instars) compared with oils which were statistically similar (22–29% mortality). Larvicidal effect of oils (against 2nd instars) was greater than ovicidal effects. Highest nymphal mortality (>81%) was achieved with castor, sesame, citrus and neem oils, which was significantly greater than for thiamethoxam (65% mortality). Adult whiteflies were exposed to fresh and aged spray residues, rather than being sprayed directly. In this case, comparatively lower efficacy was achieved from oil treatments compared with thiamethoxam. While some mortality was observed from fresh residues of slow drying oils (up to 41% for castor oil), no significant control from any oil residues >3 days old was observed in our tests. The different route of exposure against adults likely reduced the effectiveness of oil treatments which act directly on the cuticle. In trials with viruliferous adult whiteflies exposed to fresh residues, none of the tested products completely prevented transmission of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). However, we noted reduced virus severity ratings from plants pre-treated with castor and citrus oil. We conclude that castor, sesame, citrus and neem oils have the potential to be used in whitefly management programs.     

灰飞虱条纹叶枯病毒携带率测定研究

为了掌握辽宁省水稻条纹叶枯病的发生规律,做到更好的预测与防控,采用DOT-ELISA法检测了辽宁省主要水稻产区的灰飞虱条纹叶枯病毒携带率,检测结果表明,在辽宁省水稻主产区采集的越冬代灰飞虱样本,均存在一定量的带毒个体,最低为1.7%,最高达到22.2%。     

番木瓜环斑病毒弱毒株的构建及分析

弱毒株是利用交叉保护防治植物病毒病害的关键限制因子。通过对马铃薯Y病毒属病毒(强、弱毒株)的全长及部分氨基酸序列比对分析,筛选出在亲本强毒株PRSV-LM的P1和HC-Pro基因上的8个可能与致病性相关的氨基酸突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、K_(598)、R_(728)、F_(753)、L_(754)、N_(787)和D_(944))。采用定点突变和Gibson拼接法,分别成功构建了4种含有2个突变位点(L_(754)和N_(787))、4个突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、F_(753)和D_(944))、6个突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、F_(753)、L_(754)、N_(787)和D_(944))和8个突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、K_(598)、R_(728)、F_(753)、L_(754)、N_(787)和D_(944))的PRSV-LM全长c DNA侵染性克隆突变体:p Gprsvm~2、p Gprsvm4、p Gprsvm6和p Gprsvm8。经人工接种、病症观察和RT-PCR检测,4种突变体克隆均能系统性侵染非转基因番木瓜植株,除克隆p Gprsvm~2的病症表现与亲本强毒株PRSV-LM一致外,其他多位点突变的克隆p Gprsvm4、p Gprsvm6和p Gprsvm8在番木瓜植株上的病症严重程度出现依次减弱,而克隆p Gprsvm8的病症最弱,且延迟2周发病。本实验初步验证了6个氨基酸突变位点(I_(309)→S、K_(481)→Q、K_(598)→E、F_(753)→L、R_(728)→I和D_(944)→N)与PRSV-LM的病症表现及致病力相关,其中K_(598)→E和R_(728)→I可能是影响致病性的关键位点。     

年橘留树保鲜过程中对~(15)N的吸收和分配研究

为弄清年橘留树保鲜期间不同组织对氮素营养的吸收和分配情况,将稳定同位素~(15)N-尿素涂抹在5年生枳砧年橘叶片和果实后,分6个时期(6~480 h)取样分析果实和树体中不同部位~(15)N元素的含量。结果表明:年橘留树保鲜期间留果枝条对氮素的转运和分配与采果枝存在差异,涂抹~(15)N后丰度下降速率不同,留果树的无果枝平均下降速度达12.64%,采果后的枝条仅4.69%,留果树的有果枝居中,说明留树保鲜树体新梢是第一氮营养分配中心,果实是第二氮营养分配中心;没有留树保鲜的采果枝条,新梢是主要的氮营养分配中心。涂抹在叶片上的氮素可转运到果实,涂抹在果皮上的氮素经果实吸收后也可转运到叶片。叶片吸收的氮转运到新梢的含量显著高于转运到留树果实的氮含量,表明留树保鲜期内没有改变树体氮素的分配模式,从营养角度解释年橘留树保鲜不影响第二年产量的原因,为年橘留树保鲜期间合理施肥提供科学依据。     

TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC/TC-RT-PCR检测菜豆荚斑驳病毒

菜豆荚斑驳病毒(Bean pod mottle virus,BPMV)是我国重要的检疫性有害生物,BPMV传入的风险随大豆进境数量增多而加大。本文针对菜豆荚斑驳病毒,以大豆种子提取液为材料,分别建立了TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RTPCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR快速检测方法。根据GenBank公布的BPMV外壳蛋白基因序列,选择其保守区域,设计1对特异性引物和1条TaqMan-MGB探针,测定了TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RT-PCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR方法的特异性和灵敏度,并将TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RT-PCR、TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RTPCR、IC-RT-PCR和TC-RT-PCR 4种检测方法的灵敏度进行比较。结果表明:所建立的两种检测方法特异性良好;TCRT-PCR的灵敏度为10-1倍病毒提取液原液;IC-RT-PCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR灵敏度相当,为10-3倍病毒提取液原液;TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RT-PCR灵敏度最高,为10-5倍病毒提取液原液,是IC-RT-PCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR检测方法的102倍,是TC-RT-PCR检测方法的104倍;两种检测方法均能较好应用于实际大豆样品的检测。本文所建立的TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC/TC-RT-PCR检测方法利用抗原特异性或试管非特异性捕捉病毒粒子,无需提取RNA,为进境大豆种子上BPMV的检测提供了稳定、快速、简便的技术依据,其较高的灵敏度和特异性具有较好的应用价值。     

Polyhydroxy p-Terphenyls from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus candidus LDJ-5

Six undescribed polyhydroxy p-terphenyls, namely asperterphenyllins A–F, were isolated from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus candidus LDJ-5. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS data. Differing from the previously reported p-terphenyls, asperterphenyllin A represents the first p-terphenyl dimer connected by a C-C bond. Asperterphenyllin A displayed anti-influenza virus A (H1N1) activity and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 53 μM and 21 μM, respectively. The anti-influenza virus A (H1N1) activity and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity of p-terphenyls are reported for the first time. Asperterphenyllin G exhibited cytotoxicity against nine cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.4 to 1.7 μM. Asperterphenyllin C showed antimicrobial activity against Proteus species with a MIC value of 19 μg/mL.     

PVX病毒载体介导2种马铃薯Y病毒科病毒VPg蛋白表达诱导烟草叶片系统坏死的研究

芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)和槟榔坏死环斑病毒(Areca plam necrotic ringspot virus,ANRSV)是马铃薯Y病毒科(Potyviridae)中分别可诱导十字花科作物和槟榔产生坏死病症的2种不同属病毒.VPg(Viral protein genome l...     

抗条纹叶枯病基因STV11的功能性分子标记建立及粳型抗源筛选

条纹叶枯病是水稻(Oryza sativa L.)上最严重的病害之一。STV11是从籼稻Kasalath中鉴定的条纹叶枯病抗性基因,根据Kasalath型条纹叶枯病基因STV11 KAS6个碱基缺失的功能性多态性序列差异,设计基于PCR的功能性分子标记qstv11。利用此标记对299份试验材料[5份抗病品种、5份感病品种、41份辽宁省育种材料、17份日本粳型材料、142份秋光/七山占重组自交系(群体A)、85份笹锦/Habataki//笹锦回交重组自交系(群体B)、群体亲本4份]进行基因型分析并进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明,qstv11能够较好区分抗感基因型,而且在测试材料中与条纹叶枯抗性整体呈现共分离。41份辽宁材料中鉴定出含有STV11-R(抗)材料1份;日本粳型材料该位点均为STV11-S(感);群体A和B中分别筛选出粳稻背景STV11-R型材料24份和6份。