秦岭南坡森林抚育对锐齿栎林光合特性的影响

【目的】研究不同抚育强度对锐齿栎林光合特性的影响,为秦岭南坡锐齿栎林的森林抚育间伐提供理论依据。【方法】在秦岭南坡火地塘林区锐齿栎林内设置13块样地进行间伐,其中抚育强度5%,10%,15%,20%的样地各3块,对照样地1块,测定不同间伐强度样地内的环境因子及锐齿栎的光合生理生态因子,并进行方差分析、回归分析和相关分析。【结果】抚育后的林内环境因子和光合生理生态因子都发生了变化,抚育强度15%,20%的林内光强(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)、大气CO2浓度(Ca)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用效率(WUE)有极显著或显著提高,而相对湿度(RH)极显著或显著降低,气孔导度(Gs)在抚育强度15%的林内极显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)经抚育后显著降低,但在不同抚育强度间无明显差异;通过光合光响应曲线拟合可知,抚育强度15%和20%的林内最大净光合速率(Pmax)较高;通过假设检验可知,Pn与环境因子PAR、Ta、Ca、RH在α=0.01的水平上存在显著的回归关系;Pn与PAR、Ta呈极显著正相关,而与Gs、Ci呈极显著负相关;抚育后林内的光合同化量有所提高,其中抚育强度15%的林内光合同化量最高。【结论】秦岭南坡锐齿栎林的抚育强度设置在15%为宜。     

氮磷钾施用量及其配比对白芷早期抽苔的影响

运用三元二次回归正交组合设计研究N,P,K施用量及其配比对白芷早期抽苔的影响.结果表明:白芷的早期抽苔率与N,P,K的供应密切相关.白芷抽苔率随N,P用量的增加而增加,随K用量的增加而减少.当P,K用量为零水平,N用量为24g/m2,白芷抽苔率最高,达9.7%;当N,K用量为零水平,P用量为10.5g/m2,白芷抽苔率最高为8.5%;N,P用量为零水平,随着K用量增加,白芷抽苔率由10%下降到6.4%.     

Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos) Peel from Waste as an Aquaculture Feed Supplement on Growth,Environmental Load,and Dark Muscle Discoloration in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing.     

Use of supplemental amino acids on the success of reducing dietary protein levels for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of essential amino acids (EAA) supplementation on the success of dietary protein reduction for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Five diets were formulated including a positive control (Diet 1, 378.4 g/kg protein), a negative control (Diet 5, 289.8 g/kg protein) and three test diets (Diet 2‐Diet 4, 340.4–299.0 g/kg protein supplemented with EAA). No significant decline of growth performance in fish fed decreased dietary protein with EAA supplementation, which were significantly higher than the negative control. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and most EAAs were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Dietary treatments did not affect whole‐body composition, but influenced protein and EAAs retentions. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion decreased with the decreasing dietary protein, and the highest plasma ammonia content was observed in fish fed Diet 5. Plasma glucose concentration increased with the decreasing dietary protein reduction, while other plasma parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicated that low‐protein diets (299.0 g/kg) supplemented with EAA can maintain protein, EAA digestibility and retention in Jian carp, and also has benefit in the reduction of TAN excretion.     

彭泽鲫的分子遗传分析及其与方正银鲫A系的比较

Genetic homogeneity between Pengze crucian carp and strain A of silver crucian carp was studied by using transferrin,isozyme and RAPD markers.The studied individuals of Pengze crucian carp showed transferring patterns were the same of silver crucian carp A strain while distinct from those of other crucian carp populations.As far as isozyme is concerned,the MDH,LDH and EST are all of the same with only slight differences in SOD between them.The RPAD patterns clearly indicated high homogeneity among 16 individuals (6 sampled from individuals of two years old and the others aged one) from crucian carp of Pengze and 5 individuals from strain A of silver crucain carp.Nearly indentical banding patterns were observed among all individuals.Average genetic distance within all the individuals is only 0.011,suggesting crucian carp of Pengze might possess indentical genetic background with strain A of silver crucian carp.     

黄山栾树叶中具有清除自由基活性物质的分离和制备

在一次大规模的植物提取物清除自由基活性物质筛选中,发现黄山栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch.var.integrifoliola(Morr.)T Chen)鲜叶的甲醇提取物具有很强的清除DPPH有机自由基的活性,其IC50为46.37μg·mL-1.用甲醇成功地提取出该活性成分,同时用色谱等方法对该活性成分进行了分离和制备,并用高效液相色谱法和DPPH薄层试验对其纯度及活性进行了检验,得到了一个清除自由基活性很强的纯化合物.该化合物对1 mmol·L-1DPPH自由基的IC50为23.84μg·mL-1,其清除自由基活性高于抗坏血酸纯品.     

中草药对建鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响

用添加中草药的鲤配合饲料饲喂建鲤(Cyprinnus var．Jian)后,测定了建鲤非特异性免疫指标。饲喂药饵Ⅰ 10、15、30 d后,氯化硝基四氮唑兰(NBT)阳性细胞数分别为 27±3．45、39±6．04和 38±4．81,溶菌酶活力分别为 0．013±0．0017、0．018±0．0053和 0．021±0．0037;饲喂药饵 Ⅱ 10、15、30 d后,NBT阳性细胞数分别为 30±2．23、87±8．57和82±7．42,溶菌酶活力分别为0．015±0．0020、0．044±0．0017和0．033±0．0011;而对照组NBT阳性细胞数分别为28±2．18、27±4．05和29±3．56,溶菌酶活力分别为0．013±0．0010、0．012±0．0031和0．015±0．0046。结果表明,饲喂药饵Ⅱ 15、30d后的NBT阳性细胞数和溶菌酶活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0．05)。因而,本配方的中草药按质量分数为1．0%的量加入到饲料中,既能明显提高建鲤的吞噬细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的数量,又能提高其溶菌酶的活力,从而明显提高建鲤的非特异性免疫能力。     

不同经度天山云杉林分因子随海拔梯度的变化

选择新疆天山山脉从西到东处于不同经度的昭苏、巩留、乌苏、乌鲁木齐和哈密的天山云杉林进行垂直样带调查:将各地点划分为低、中和高3个海拔范围,比较不同范围内主要林分因子的差异;分析主要林分因子随海拔梯度(50 m间隔)的变化.结果表明:各地点3个海拔范围内主要林分因子呈现出不同的变化规律;天山云杉林分平均胸径和最大胸径随海拔梯度的变化差异不显著,而平均树高、最大树高、林分密度、胸高断面积和蓄积量随海拔的增加总体上呈现单峰型的变化趋势;尽管不同经度位置天山云杉林分布的海拔上下限范围不同,但各个位置天山云杉林分的平均树高、最大树高、林分密度、胸高断面积和蓄积量随海拔梯度的变化都可以用二次曲线方程进行描述.     

建鲤生长激素促泌素受体1基因的特性及其与增重相关SNP位点的筛选

GHS-R基因在哺乳类为候选的肥胖和生长数量性状位点。本实验使用RT-PCR及PCR的方法,从建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)分离到2个jlGHS-R1s,称为jlGHS-R1a和jlGHS-R1b(分别简称1a和1b)。jlGHS-R1s的阅读框编码360个氨基酸,两者间相似性高达96%;另外还存在2个jlGHS-R1s的转录变体(分别简称1a’和1b’),选择性切割了翻译起始碱基后第490-680 nt的191 bp片段,该片段两端碱基分别为gt-ag,这种选择性切割导致翻译提前终止,仅翻译184个氨基酸,包括前面3个半跨膜区,这与已报道的罗非鱼等的保留内含子的转录变体不同。jlGHS-R1s的阅读框被1个内含子分隔,该内含子位于第260个氨基酸密码子的第1和第2个碱基之间,1a和1b的内含子长度分别为676 bp和885 bp。使用分段PCR在建鲤群体的1a和1b基因上共找到32个SNP位点,构建PCR-RFLP法对其中9个SNPs进行基因型检测,结果发现各种基因型在322尾建鲤中均有出现,但存在着明显的偏分布。与增重的相关分析表明,位点1a-I_C386T和1b-E1_G159T与雌雄鱼鱼种和成鱼阶段增重分别呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)相关,CC型和GG型个体增重最快,另外有5个位点则与其中的某阶段或者某性别的增重相关,为了确定上述所得标记的适用性,选取其中4个标记在另外7个家系共610尾鱼中检测,结果 C386T和G159T还是与增重呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)相关,可用于建鲤分子育种。     

建鲤基因组中一个ty3-gypsy反转录转座子的发现与分析

转座子是动植物基因组的重要组成部分,在前期研究中发现建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)基因组中存在一个ty3-gypsy反转录转座子类型的转座子,并将其命名为JRE转座子(Jian carp Retrotransposon,JRE)。为了研究JRE反转录转座子在建鲤基因组中的功能,采用PCR扩增、荧光定量PCR和原位杂交等方法对JRE转座子的特性进行了研究。JRE反转录转座子全长5126 bp,具有5?端470 bp和3?端453 bp长末端重复片段(long terminal repeat end,LTR),中间的开放阅读框(ORF)包括核心蛋白基因(gag)和酶基因区域(pol),其长度为4203 bp。pol基因具有典型的ty3-gypsy反转录转座子结构,基因顺序为PR-RT-RH-IN基因。对pol基因的同源分析表明,其与虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Azumapecten farreri)、大堡礁海绵(Xiphophorus maculates)和斑剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus maculates)pol基因相似性分别为40.7%、40.0%、32.8%和30.1%,因此JRE可能属于JULE反转录转座子家族。采用实时定量PCR对JRE转座子在建鲤基因组内的拷贝数进行了测定,结果表明其拷贝数为124,同时对不同组织中的m RNA表达量的研究表明,JRE转座子在建鲤肝、肾、血、肌肉、性腺5种组织中均有表达,在肾和肝中表达量略高。染色体原位杂交结果表明,JRE转座子在建鲤的染色体上随机分布,没有明显的规律性。本研究表明,JRE转座子具有典型的反转录转座子结构,属于JULE转座子的分枝,在染色体上的分布不多,其转录活性并不是很高,对我们了解建鲤基因组构成和特点增加了知识储备,同时为利用转座子的活性进行转基因研究提供了一种新的途径和工具。