Dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion for 24 hours during and after propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory effects and pharmacokinetics of a 24-hour intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (DMED) during and after propofol (PRO) or isoflurane (ISO) anaesthesia in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, cross-over study. ANIMALS: Ten healthy adult Beagles. METHODS: Instrumented dogs received a DMED-loading bolus (25 microg m(-2)) at time 0 followed by a 24-hour CRI (25 microg m(-2) hour(-1)), with PRO or ISO induction/maintenance of anaesthesia during the first 2 hours (PRO and ISO treatment groups, respectively). Cardiovascular, respiratory, blood gas, airway gas, serum chemistry variables and DMED plasma concentration data were collected at -15, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. A number of cardiorespiratory and tissue oxygenation variables were calculated from the above data. After the 2-hours of anaesthesia, heart and respiratory rates and electrocardiograms were recorded and DMED plasma concentrations were determined for up to 26 hours. RESULTS: Vasopressor effects and the decrease in heart rate (HR) and cardiac index induced by DMED were greater for PRO than ISO, but were within clinically acceptable ranges. Adequate oxygenation was maintained above the critical O(2) delivery level. The overall incidence of unfavourable arrhythmias was low and tended to vary inversely with HR. Mean DMED plasma concentration ranged from 0.23 to 0.47 ng mL(-1) for both groups during the 24-hour CRI with a mean elimination half-life of approximately 0.46 hour. CONCLUSION AND/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DMED CRI resulted in typical alpha(2)-agonist induced haemodynamic changes with minimal respiratory effects, and appeared to be an efficacious adjunct during and after PRO or ISO anaesthesia in healthy dogs.     

高寒地区一年生人工草地地上生物量动态及光能转化效率

对燕麦单播草地、燕麦+箭舌豌豆混播草地牧草组成及地上生物量动态,光能转化效率进行了观测和分析。试验结果表明,混播草地的两组分在生长发育节律和牧草产量积累过程方面均存在着较大的差异,箭舌豌豆与燕麦干物质之比随牧草生长发育的进展而逐渐增大。2种草地的干草产量在牧草生长期间差异不显著。8月中旬,单、混播草地干物质分别可达10.19、11.74t/hm2,地上净初级生产力分别为18874.69、21204.79kJ/(m2·a),光能转化率分别达0.3502%、0.3922%。     

铁和维生素A及其互作效应对肉仔鸡组织铁含量和营养物质表观存留率的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡504只 ,随机分为9组 ,每组4个重复 ,每重复14只鸡 ,公母各半 ,采用3×3(Fe×VA)完全随机试验设计 ,研究了日粮添加不同水平Fe(0、30、60mg/kg)和VA(750、1500、2700IU/kg)对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段 (0～4周龄和5～7周龄 )肝脏、心脏、脾脏、胰脏、肾脏、肌肉、胫骨、羽毛等组织铁含量影响。结果表明 :在日粮铁的影响下 ,肉仔鸡体内各组织铁含量顺序依次为 :(前期 :肝脏>肾脏>脾>心脏>胫骨>毛>胰脏>肌肉 ;后期 :肝脏>脾>肾脏>心脏>胫骨>羽毛>胰脏>肌肉 ) ;日粮铁添加水平对前期肝脏、心脏、肾脏、胰脏、羽毛等组织铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01) ,60mgFe/kg 组这些组织铁含量最高 ;对后期肝脏、心脏、脾脏、胰脏、肌肉、胫骨、羽毛等组织的铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01) ,60mgFe/kg组肝脏与心脏组织铁含量最高 ,30mgFe/kg 组脾脏、肌肉、胫骨等组织铁含量最高 ,0mgFe/kg 组胰脏、羽毛等组织铁含量最高 ;肾脏、胰脏、羽毛、肌肉、胫骨在不同生长阶段沉积铁能力不同。日粮铁对不同生长阶段各组织铁含量的影响存在差异。VA影响机体内铁的分布 ,日粮VA添加水平对前期肾脏、肌肉、羽毛等组织铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01) ,对后期肝脏、肾脏、胰脏、肌肉、胫骨、羽毛等组织铁含量影响显著 (P<0.01)。VA对前后     

科学饲喂原理与方法——如何提高饲料利用率

主要从家畜营养、生态角度出发 ,围绕如何提高饲料利用率问题 ,重点讲述了饲料生产和家畜饲养两个环节中应注意的问题 ,包括 :饲料营养中负组合效应的消除 ,毒物和抗营养因子的消除 ;鉴于草食动物的特殊性 ,饲养中就如何控制瘤胃发酵阐述了改变饲养程序、水平和日粮成分 ,用活性剂补充日粮 ,非蛋白氮的有效利用和过瘤胃技术 ;最后是如何减轻家畜冷热应激等。     

打破结缕草种子休眠的方法研究

X-射线能谱分析表明,颖苞表面被蜡质和硅覆盖,造成颖苞透性差,限制结缕草Zoysia japonica种子的萌发.在此基础上采用丙酮、HF和H2SO4处理结缕草种子,发现均能有效打破休眠,具体表现如下:以0.6%HF处理10min、30%丙酮处理20min、60%H2SO4处理5min效果最好,发芽率分别为88%、90%和92%,同20%NaOH处理20min相比,种子发芽率相差不多.表明,可以考虑用HF或丙酮等有机溶剂来进行结缕草种子的工厂化处理.     

不同钙镁磷肥用量对混播放牧草地的影响

钙镁磷肥是南方人工草地较为理想的维持肥,投入低、产出高.通过年对白三叶/禾草混播放牧人工草地推荐施维持肥试验,初步探索了不同用量钙镁磷肥对人工草地土壤肥力、牧草产量、质量等的影响,试验表明600 kg/hm2维持肥用量是提高白三叶/禾草混播放牧人工草地生产力、降低成本,增加效益的理想施肥量.     

萘乙酸对燕麦种子胚根长、胚芽长和发芽率的影响

以燕麦种子为试验材料,研究不同浓度萘乙酸（NAA）营养液对燕麦胚根长、胚芽长和发芽率的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的萘乙酸培养液对燕麦的生长有不同的影响,即有不同程度的促进或抑制作用。其中0.001mg/LNAA对胚根的生长表现出促进作用;0.01mg/LNAA对胚芽长生长表现出促进作用;0.0001mg/LNAA对发芽率有促进作用：0.1~10mg/LNAA对燕麦的胚根长、胚芽长和发芽率均有抑制作用。     

Evaluation of veld potential in east griqualand using beef cattle under two grazing management systems

Abstract

Beef production from veld, in the short term, was found to be greater under a continuous grazing system than under a rotational grazing system. Average daily gains decreased from a maximum in late‐spring and the highest three‐year mean value was 0,5 kg/animal/day. Livemass gains/ha were highest at a stocking rate of 2,2 animals/ha and were 131,4 kg/ha under continuous grazing and 88,6 kg/ha under rotational grazing. Estimated mean maximum gains/ha were 0,78 kg/ha/day at a stocking rate of 2,5 animals/ha under continuous grazing and 0,55 kg/ha/day at a stocking rate of 1,7 animals/ha under rotational grazing. However, optimum economic stocking rates were estimated to occur below those where beef production/ha was maximum.     

Heart rate variability parameters as markers of the adaptation to a sealed environment (a hypoxic normobaric chamber) in the horse

Simulated hypoxic normobaric devices have been used in human beings in order to enhance endurance capacity. These devices are sealed chambers where the athletes are supposed to stay for at least 6–8 hr daily. The current research assesses the changes in time‐domain, spectral and non‐geometrical heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in 6 horses subjected to progressive duration periods inside of a hermetically sealed chamber. It was pursued, firstly to evaluate the intensity of the stress experienced by the animals and secondly to elucidate whether the horses might require an acclimation period before implementation of hypoxic conditions. HRV parameters were monitored for 6 days: day 0 (6‐hr duration; in paddocks; basal conditions), and days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hr inside the chamber every day respectively). During day 1 and during the first hours of days 2 and 3, compared to day 0, horses presented increased HR and SDHR values and decreased RR interval duration. SD1 values decreased on some hours of days 2 and 3, but differences with day 0 were not found on day 1. Increased SDNN, RMSSD, SD1 and SD2 values were observed on days 4 and 5. These results showed an activation of the sympathetic activity together with an attenuation of the parasympathetic activity during the days 1 to 3. Increased parasympathetic activity was found only during the first hours of days 4 and 5. Spectral parameters experienced minor variations, with increased LF_peak and LF% during some hours of days 4 and 5. In conclusion, at least 3 days are needed to adapt the horse to a sealed environment before starting to subject the animals to hypoxic conditions. When the horses were acclimatized, however, a minor stress was detected with they spent more than 4 hr inside of the chamber.     

湟源山坡地梯田退耕还林还草效果研究初报

通过对湟源山坡地梯田退耕还林工程连续9年的定点观测调查,结果表明:在顶坡梯田,所栽植的榆树Ulmus pumila有94%死亡,沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides有19.4%死亡;在中坡梯田,榆树、沙棘的死亡率分别为93%、18.2%;在底坡梯田,榆树、沙棘的死亡率分别为92.7%、18.6%;而柠条Caragana korshinskii在3个坡位梯田中都100%的成活,但长势不旺,而以赖草Leymus secalinus为主的草本植物,通过9年的自然侵入生长,其生物量(干物质)达到850 g/m2以上。同时,对各坡位草本产量增长规律进行了分析论述,建立了3个坡位草本产量与生长年限回归方程,中坡：y=78.033+102.473 3x;底坡:y=67.333+102.253 3x;顶坡:y=54.244 4+101.92x;如实评估了坡地梯田退耕还草后的经济效益。