气流干燥工序加工强度对烤烟烟叶感官质量的影响

为明确气流干燥工序加工强度对烤烟烟叶感官质量的作用特点,寻求气流干燥工序加工烤烟烟叶的适宜条件,以国内外主要烟叶产区的烤烟烟叶为试验材料,采用对比评吸法比较了气流干燥工序不同加工强度条件下的烤烟烟叶感官质量变化。结果表明,气流干燥工序低加工强度处理的烤烟烟叶香气风格不变的样品比例最高,达96%,随着工序加工强度的增大,烤烟烟叶香气风格变化的样品比例逐渐升高;香气质、香气量、杂气、浓度、细腻程度、刺激性改善的烟叶样品比例先升高后降低,其中,以加工强度2为最高,分别达到49%、25%、72%、18%、62%、23%;劲头改善的烟叶样品比例逐渐升高,最高达到9%;干燥感和干净程度改善的烟叶样品比例逐渐降低,最高分别达到13%和35%;香气特性、烟气特性和口感特性各指标变差的烟叶样品比例逐渐升高。在加工强度1～2(工作风温为200～220℃)下,感官质量保持不变和有所改善的烟叶样品比例显著大于感官质量变差的烟叶样品比例;在加工强度1～2范围内设置气流干燥工序,有利于保持和改善烤烟烟叶感官质量。     

关于厨房排烟排汽问题的探讨

本文论述的关于厨房排烟、排汽问题是个常见的问题。但作者借鉴国外的作法在常规的问题上提出了自己的解决方法,按我国的现有的条件、设备结合实际情况,进行了较为细致的分析。     

造粒法茶叶包埋颗粒在卷烟过滤器中的应用

采用黄原胶变性淀粉造粒法对茶叶粉末进行包埋固定化,将制成的茶叶包埋颗粒填装到卷烟过滤腔中制得茶叶包埋颗粒过滤器。使用该过滤器抽吸卷烟,进行感官质量评价,并对烟气总粒相物（TPM）、烟碱、焦油含量及烟气成分进行检测分析。结果表明,与空白对照样（不加茶叶的黄原胶淀粉颗粒）相比,卷烟烟气总粒相物和焦油量降低;烟气中主要致香成分明显增加,柔和烟气及增加烟气浓度的成分均有不同程度的增加。接装有茶叶含量为30％、50％、70％包埋颗粒过滤器的卷烟样品烟气中主要致香成分总量分别增加了31·15％、14·93％、33·99％,有害物质总量分别减少了5·28％、22·51％、14·87％。造粒法茶叶包埋颗粒的制作工艺简便易行,将其应用于卷烟可有效降低卷烟刺激性,增加香气量,显著改善卷烟的吸食品质,并赋予卷烟独特的茶香风格。     

降低卷烟烟气有害成分的滤嘴用纳米材料研究进展

纳米材料的快速发展为卷烟减害技术提供了前所未有的机遇,按照滤嘴添加纳米材料的种类,综述了现阶段主要的几类纳米材料(碳基纳米材料、贵金属纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、纳米矿物材料)在降低卷烟烟气有害成分方面的应用研究现状,并探讨了纳米材料在卷烟滤嘴减害应用方面的发展方向。     

蓝花龙胆浸膏挥发性成分分析及在卷烟中的应用

[目的]分析蓝花龙胆浸膏中的主要挥发性成分及其在卷烟中的应用。[方法]采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取蓝花龙胆浸膏中的挥发性成分,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分析蓝花龙胆浸膏中的主要挥发性成分,同时对其进行了卷烟加香试验。[结果]试验表明,蓝花龙胆浸膏中共鉴定出22种挥发性成分,应用峰面积归一法确定了各成分的相对含量,主要含有正二十八烷(31.22%)、棕榈酸(22.14%)、7-己基-二十烷(11.63%)、[R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六烯(7.59%)、正二十九烷(4.91%)等。卷烟加香试验表明,蓝花龙胆浸膏具有提高卷烟香气质,减轻刺激性,增加润感,带来清甜气的作用。[结论]研究可为蓝花龙胆在烟草中的应用提供一定的理论依据。     

ICP-MS 法测定卷烟主流烟气中的铬.镍.镉.铅

[目的]利用电感耦合等离子体质谱议（ICP—MS）建立卷烟主流烟气中4种重金属元素的定量分析方法。[方法]采用微波消解对卷烟样品进行前处理,以Ge、In、Bi为内标,利用动态反应池（DRC）技术消除ArC离子对Cr的干扰,再采用ICP—MS快速测定卷烟主流烟气中Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb。[结果]试验得出,所测元素线性相关系数均在0．999以上,检出限为0．014-0．046p,g／L,定量限为0．041～0．147μg／L,加标回收率在92．0％～113．0％。[结论]该方法准确度高、检出限低、简单快速,适合卷烟主流烟气中Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb4种元素的检测。     

卷烟主流烟气中烟碱测量不确定度的评定

根据JJF(烟草)1—2007卷烟主流烟气中烟碱、焦油和一氧化碳测量不确定度评定指南,对卷烟主流烟气中烟碱的测量过程进行了研究,系统分析了整个测量结果的不确定度来源,表述出了合成标准不确定和扩展不确定度,为测定主流烟气中烟碱量提供了有效的、可靠的测量数据。     

云南4个烤烟品种物理和烟气指标的相关性分析

选择云南省11个烟区4个烤烟品种3个部位的烟叶,进行了12个物理指标与7个烟气指标的检测和相关性分析。结果表明,物理指标中CV较大的占41.67%,烟气指标中CV较大的占28.57%,说明物理指标相对于烟气指标波动大,稳定性较差。高度正相关的指标有总粒相物与烟气水分、总粒相物与烟气烟碱量、总粒相物与焦油量、烟气烟碱量与焦油量、烟气烟碱量与烟气pH、拉力与抗张强度;中度正相关的指标有总粒相物与叶片厚度、烟气水分与焦油量、烟气烟碱量与抽吸口数、烟气烟碱量与叶片厚度、含梗率与填充值、拉力与叶质重、叶片厚度与耐破度;中度负相关的指标有焦油量与长宽比、一氧化碳与长宽比、叶质重与填充值。说明各烟气指标间、各物理指标间相关性较大,物理指标与烟气指标间也存在一定的相关性。     

Experimental Analysis of Building Space Constructions on Hot smoke Flow in Residential Fire

Based on the characteristics of spatial structure of residential units, the effect of building space construction on temperature raise and hot smoke flow in residential fire was analyzed on building model with simulating multiple floors and rooms. The raise and distribution of temperature indoors were mainly tested under varied location of fire sources. And, the rule of smoke flow was discussed by using the law of temperature raise, indirectly. The results indicate that the mode of smoke flows is influenced by three spatial factors which include the form of junction terminal room construction; the height of down stand above the door and the relative locations of each room. The diffusion of hot smoke is prevented effectively by the down stand of the room; the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor should be higher than that of the room without down stand. When the open direction of door in non fire room is opposite to that of the door in fire room, there is much more hot smoke.     

Tracheal Morphologic and Protein Alterations Following Short-Term Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Exposure to Rats

A short-term 5-day nose-only cigarette smoke exposure study was conducted in Fisher 344 rats to identify smoke-induced tracheal protein changes. Groups of 10 male and female 5 week old rats were assigned to 1 of 4 exposure groups. Animals received filtered air, or 75, 200 or 400 mg total particulate matter (TPM)/m³ of diluted 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette mainstream smoke. Exposures were conducted for 3 hrs/day, for 5 consecutive days. Tracheas from half the rats were processed for pathology, and tracheas from the other half of the rats frozen immediately for proteomics. We hypothesized that smoke will activate tracheal inflammatory, apoptotic, proliferative, and stress-induced pathways. Mucosal epithelial toxicity from the inhaled material was evidenced by cilia shortening and loss of tracheal mucosal epithelium in smoke-exposed animals. Mucosal thinning occurred in all smoke-exposed groups with hyperplastic reparative responses in the 200 and 400 mg TPM/m³ groups. Tracheal lysates from control vs. treated animals were screened for 800 proteins using antibody-based microarray technology and subsequently the most changed proteins evaluated by Western blot. Tracheal proteins expressed at high levels that were markedly increased or decreased by smoke exposure depended on dose and gender and included caspase 5, ERK 1/2 and p38. Signaling pathways common between the morphologic and protein changes were stress, apoptosis, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and survival. Changes in identified proteins affected by smoke exposure were associated with tracheal mucosal pathology, may induce functional tracheal changes, and could serve as early indicators of tracheal damage and associated disease.