3种菊酯类杀虫剂从烟丝到卷烟主流烟气的转移率研究

[目的]系统地研究对比3种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在烟丝、卷烟、卷烟主流烟气中的转移情况。[方法]研究了不同浓度的3种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯)从烟丝到卷烟再到卷烟主流烟气的转移率情况,并建立转移模型。[结果]试验表明,不同浓度的3种杀虫剂从烟丝到卷烟的过程中转移率较高,在99%以上;而从烟丝或卷烟转移到卷烟主流烟气的比例很低,在0~9.78%,平均转移率最高的是氟氯氰菊酯,其次是顺式氯氰菊酯,转移率最小的是氯菊酯。经过8个验证样品对所建立的转移模型的验证试验表明,通过转移模型所计算出来的含量结果与通过试验方法得到的检测结果之间的相对偏差均在10%以下,表明所建立的转移模型具有良好的准确性和可靠性。[结论]研究可为烟叶生产中杀虫剂的选择提供参考依据。     

Fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of an intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood

An intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood (C) was synthesized and its fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties were investigated. The main film-builder of C was urea-formaldehyde resin blended with polyvinyl acetate resin. The intumescent fire-retardant system of C consisted of guanylurea phosphate (GUP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL). Specimens of plywood painted, respectively, with a commercial intumescent fire-retardant coating (A), a synthesized coating (C), and the main film-builder of coating C (B), as well as an unpainted plywood (S-JHB), were analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE). The results show a marked decrease in the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR), an increased mass of residual char (Mass), a marked postponement in time to ignition (TTI) and a reduced carbon monoxide production rate (P _CO). The smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the plywood painted with coating C were observed with the CONE test. The overall fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of the synthesized coating C was much better than that of the commercial coating A. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results of coating C and its film-builder B indicated that the thermal degradation process of B was slowed down by the addition of the intumescent fire-retardant system; the increase in the amount of charring of coating C was considerable. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(12): 117–121 [译自: 林业科学]     

中草药萃取液在卷烟中的减害作用研究

运用我国传统的中医中药学理论和卷烟产品设计理论,在卷烟中添加由辛夷、淫羊霍、芍药、川芎等制得的萃取液,同时对其卷烟烟气中的焦油、烟碱等成分进行了分析。结果表明,中草药萃取液有适当降低卷烟烟气中焦油和烟碱含量的作用,对卷烟烟气中的苯系物、多环芳烃和烟草特有亚硝胺的降低均有较明显的作用,而对一氧化碳量基本无影响。在卷烟中添加天然植物萃取液是一条减害的有效途径。     

粒状梗丝膨胀技术在卷烟中应用的研究

介绍了粒状梗丝膨胀(Expanded Sheredded Stems)梗丝的加工工艺和特点。对原梗丝成品烟、ESS梗丝成品烟以及添加不同含量比例的ESS梗丝的成品烟进行烟气指标(烟碱、焦油、CO等)和化学指标(总糖、还原糖、总植物碱、氯、钾、总氮等)测定分析,得出用ESS梗丝替代原梗丝后,对卷烟烟气质量的影响,进一步找出在成品叶组配方中添加ESS梗丝的合适比例;对掺配不同比例的ESS梗丝成品卷烟的感官质量进行了对比。研究结果显示,通过添加ESS梗丝可以有效降低焦油、CO及烟碱等烟气指标含量;对化学成分指标含量也有一定的影响;掺配适量的ESS梗丝对卷烟的风格和感官质量无不良影响。     

东紫苏的化学成分研究

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t研究野山茶在不同温度下的裂解行为,初步探讨野山茶可能的裂解机理。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t采用离线热裂解气相色谱—质谱联用法(Py-GC/MS),并以GC/MS对其裂解产物进行定性分析。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t(1)裂解温度对野山茶产生的裂解产物种类和含量影响较大,裂解机理不尽相同。在300、600和900 ℃下的热裂解产物中分别鉴定出14、64和95种裂解产物,致香物质主要有醛类、酮类、萜类、呋喃类等,这些产物可改善烟气质量,提高卷烟品质。(2)野山茶对卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分的释放量有一定影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t野山茶作为造纸法再造烟叶原料具有一定的可行性。\t\t\t\t     

375型柴油机燃油系优化匹配的实验研究

在375型柴油机减烟试验中,应用正交设计试验找出最显著影响因素,采用旋转回归设计试验建立了综合性能随喷油嘴启喷压力及供油提前角而变化的关系,通过燃油系优化匹配,达到了较好的减烟节油效果。     

Effects of exposure of bulbs to smoke and ethylene on flowering of Narcissus tazetta cultivar ‘Grand Soleil d'Or’

Bulbs of ‘Soleil d'Or’, exposed to smoke generated from smouldering wood and fresh leaves for several hours on each of 4 consecutive days during storage, produced flowers earlier and at a higher rate, even when using bulbs which were too small to flower using normal methods. The smoked bulbs showed an earlier start of floral initiation and faster development. A temperature of 25°C was optimal for storage. Application of ethylene also gave similar promotive effects when repeated 4 times at 10 μl 1^?1 for 1–5 h per day. Longer exposure to ethylene or smoke was less effective or had no promotive effect.     

“冰温米”初探

文章介绍了一种改善大米品质的新方法，通过给陈化大米着少量水、熏硫及冰温处理．可口程度大为改善．经各项品质指标测定表明，处理后的陈米其品质得到明显改善．     

Effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vascular remodeling and TGF-β1 expression in rat pulmonary vessels

AIM: To observe the effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vascular remodeling and the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the rats, and to explore the mechanism.METHODS: SD rats(n=36) were randomly divided into control group, 2-week smoke exposure(S-2W) group and 12-week smoke exposure(S-12W) groups. HE staining and α-smooth muscle actin staining were performed to observe the pulmonary vascular remodeling.The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and TGF-β1 in the pulmonary arteries was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in the pulmonary arteries was evaluated by RT-qPCR.RESULTS: Compared with control group, ratio of pulmonary vessel wall thickness to vessel diameter(WT%) and percentage of muscularized vessels were significantly increased in S-2W group and S-12W group(P<0.01). Significant increases in the protein expression of PCNA and TGF-β1 in smoke exposure groups were observed compared with control group. There was significant difference between 2 model groups(P<0.01). Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in pulmonary artery walls obviously increased in smoke exposure groups. There was significantly difference between S-2W and S-12W groups(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular muscularization, WT% and the protein expression of PCNA. CONCLUSION: Long-term cigarette smoke exposure results in pulmonary artery remodeling in rats. The possible mechanism is that cigarette smoking exposure induces the over-expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA level in pulmonary vessels and promotes the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in rats.     

KLD2-3滚筒烘丝机筒壁温度不同控制模式对化学成分的影响

[目的]了解KLD2-3滚筒烘丝机烘丝加工过程中烟草化学成分的变化趋势。[方法]通过KLD2-3滚筒烘丝机不同控制模式对烘丝后某牌号二类烤烟型叶组配方的烟丝常规化学成分总糖、还原糖、烟碱、氯、钾和常规烟气进行对比分析,应用丙酮萃取、气相色谱仪和气相色谱/质谱联用仪对挥发性、半挥发性烟气香味物质进行研究。[结果]顺流模式3种控制方式烘后烟丝的总糖和还原糖测定值均高于逆流模式,逆流模式一段式烟碱含量高于其他控制方式,不同控制方式下烟丝氯、钾、常规烟气、烟气中性香味成分总量比较接近,顺流模式前高后低控制方式下烟丝酸性和碱性香味成分总量高于其他控制方式。[结论]研究可为烤烟制丝参数的选择和优化提供数据支持。