Verbena as a trap crop to suppress thrips-transmitted Tomato spotted wilt virus in chrysanthemums

The effect of verbena as a trap crop on the occurrence of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and the incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in chrysanthemums were investigated. Verbena cvs. Pink Parfait and/or Fancy Parfait were cultivated alongside chrysanthemum cv. Jimba in a greenhouse in the proportion of 17%–25% of the chrysanthemum plants. Verbena plants attracted vector thrips, reducing western flower thrips colonization of chrysanthemum until flower bud initiation, and markedly suppressing TSWV incidence on chrysanthemums until flowering. Significant quantities of linalool oxide pyran were produced by the flower of cv. Fancy Parfait; and the ratio of cis-linalool oxide pyran, an attractant for vector thrips, to the trans-type was approximately 1 : 5. Our results suggest that cultivation of verbena as a trap crop may be useful in integrated pest management programs as a control for thrips-transmitted TSWV in chrysanthemums.     

玉米Lc基因植物表达载体构建及菊花转化

Lc基因是从玉米中分离得到的与花青素合成相关的调节基因，它在多种植物中的异源表达可以增加花青素的含量。本研究对pBI121载体Gus基因后的终止子进行2次PCR扩增，在原Sac I酶切位点后添加了新的Sac I酶切位点，利用组织化学染色法检测，结果表明改造后的载体上的Gus基因能正常表达，终止子功能正常，载体改造成功。用改造的pBI121N构建了含有Lc基因的植物表达载体pBI121N-Lc，利用农杆菌介导法转化菊花叶盘，获得了19株生根抗性苗。通过提取抗性苗基因组总DNA，PCR扩增Lc基因和CaMv35S启动子获得了11个阳性株系，PCR结果表明Lc基因已经转入菊花中。同时，在己获得的转基因植株中发现7个株系的根系有变红的现象。     

Biological control of pythium root rot of chrysanthemum in small-scale hydroponic units

The capacity of several strains of root-colonizing bacteria to suppressPythium aphanidermatum, Pythium dissotocum and root rot was investigated in chrysanthemums grown in single-plant hydroponic units containing an aerated nutrient solution. The strains were applied in the nutrient solution at a final density of 10⁴ CFU ml⁻¹ and 14 days later the root systems were inoculated withPythium by immersion in suspensions of 10⁴ zoospores ml⁻¹ solution. Controls received no bacteria, noPythium, or one of thePythium spp. but no bacteria. Strain effectiveness was estimated based on percent roots colonized byPythium and area under disease progress curves (AUDPC). In plants treated respectively withPseudomonas (Ps.)chlororaphis 63-28 andBacillus cereus HY06 and inoculated withP. aphanidermatum, root colonization by the pathogen was 83% and 72% lower than in the pathogen control, and AUDPC values were reduced by 61% and 65%. ForP. dissotocum, the respective strains reduced root colonization by 87% and 91%, and AUDPC values by 70% and 90%. In plants treated respectively withPs. chlororaphis Tx-1 andComamonas acidovorans C-4-7-28, root colonization byP. aphanidermatum was 84% and 80% lower than in the controls and AUDPC values were reduced by 66% and 57%; these strains did not suppressP. dissotocum. Burkholderia gladioli C-2-74 andC. acidovorans OCR-7-8-38, respectively, suppressed colonization of roots byP. dissotocum by 74% and 86%, and reduced AUDPC values by 60% and 70%, but were ineffective againstP. aphanidermatum. C. acidovorans OCR-7-8-39 reduced colonization and AUDPC values ofP. aphanidermatum by 57% and 42%, respectively.Pseudomonas corrugata 13,Ps. fluorescens 15 and JZ12, and three additional strains ofC. acidovorans were weakly or nonsuppressive againstP. aphanidermatum. Strains that reduced AUDPC values forP. aphanidermatum orP. dissotocum when applied at 10⁴ CFU ml⁻¹ were 11%–39% less effective at 10³ CFU ml⁻¹. Four tested strains (Ps. chlororaphis 63-28,Ps. chlororaphis Tx-1,B. cereus HY06, andB. gladioli C-7-24) in most instances suppressed root colonization and lowered AUDPC values ofP. aphanidermatum when applied at 14, 7 or 0 days before inoculation, but reduction of the respective variables was generally greater when the strains were applied at 14 days (63%–87% and 75%–78%) or 7 days (44%–47% and 31%–88%) than at 0 days (14%–31% and 23%–62%) before inoculation.Ps. chlororaphis Tx-1,Ps. chlororaphis 63-28 andB. cereus HY06 significantly suppressedP. aphanidermatum whether the temperature of the nutrient solution was high (32°C) or moderate (24°C). Taken together, the observations suggest thatPs. chlororaphis 63-28,B. cereus HY06,Ps. chlororaphis Tx-1,B. gladioli C-2-74 andC. acidovorans OCR-7-8-38 have the potential for controlling Pythium root rot in hydroponic chrysanthemums. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 24, 2007.     

菊花地上部干物质增长过程与有效积温的关系

为了弄清楚有效积温对菊花生长发育的影响并及时采取有效的田间管理措施,采用大田试验,研究了植株地上部干物质、叶片干物质及茎干物质与有效积温的关系。结果表明：菊花移栽至大田后,其植株地上部干物质、叶片干物质及茎干物质增长过程与有效积温的关系均符合Logistic方程所描述的曲线;植株地上部干物质、叶片干物质及茎干物质增长盛期的转捩点（起止点）所对应的有效积温值范围分别是：1248.5~2071.6℃,897.4~1628.9℃,1234.0~1909.3℃。最大瞬时增长速率（Vmax）分别是：0.176 g/（d·℃·株）,0.057 g/（d·℃·株）,0.1024 g/（d·℃·株）。分别出现在移栽后有效积温达1660.1℃,1263.2℃,1571.7℃之时。     

11个观赏菊花品种灰色关联度分析

采用灰色关联度分析方法,对11个从荷兰引进的观赏菊花品种的主要性状进行了综合分析评价,并对所引进的品种主要性状与理想性状进行等权与加权关联度分析。结果表明:等权关联度大小依次为:romanov>Bretagne>ml.yellow>Kastelli>Amadea>Jeanny pink>Rados>Vennice>Bactica>Biarritc>pp.golden。加权关联度大小依次为:romanov>Bretagne>ml.yellow>Kastelli>Amadea>Jeanny pink>Vennice>Rados>Bactica>Biarritc>pp.golden。即romanov的综合表现最好,其次为Bretagne和ml.yellow,这3个品种适合在昆明地区大力推广种植。     

4%乙烯利超低容量液剂对甘蔗调节 生长和品质的影响

2011要2012 年连续2 年使用4%乙烯利超低容量液剂处理甘蔗的田间试验表明,各浓度处理后期施用 不影响甘蔗生长和产量,但能显著增加甘蔗的含糖量和改善甘蔗的品质。施用浓度以每667 m2喷施16~18 g为宜, 在甘蔗收获前1~2 月对甘蔗茎叶喷雾1 次。     

切花菊氮·磷·钾营养特性的研究进展

论述了切花菊氮、磷、钾营养及其吸收特性的最新研究成果,为切花菊合理施肥提供理论依据。     

菊花辐射后代生理生化特性的研究

为了探明辐射诱变的生理生化机制，对经10，15，20，25，30Gy^60Co-γ射线辐射获得的菊花材料的生理生化指标分别进行了测定。结果表明：经辐射处理的菊花的叶绿素a,b及总叶绿素含量比未经辐射的高，升高的幅度各异；剂量为10Gy处理的类胡萝卜素含量与未处理相同，15，25Gy辐射的升高，20，30Gy辐射的降低；经辐射的植株叶片的光合速率都高于未处理，增加幅度各异；光合色素含量和光合速率与辐射剂量没有明显的相关性；经辐射的材料和未处理的相比过氧化物酶同工酶带数及带的浓度有明显差异。由此说明，辐射使菊花的生理生化特性改变，其表型也表现变异。     

喷施营养液对菊花扦插生根和生理生化代谢的影响

以切花菊品种‘秀芳白’为试材,在扦插生根过程中不同时期喷施营养液后,测定了扦插生根指标和插穗叶片生理、生化指标的动态变化。结果表明,喷施营养液的插穗生根数、生根率以及插穗鲜重和干重与未喷施营养液的对照相比显著增加。喷施营养液和未喷施营养液的对照插穗叶片叶绿素含量早期(0~5 d)均出现下降趋势,扦插后期(20~25 d)与对照相比明显增加。喷施营养液的插穗叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量在扦插中期(10~20 d)和后期高于对照,而且第1 d开始喷施营养液的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于第5 d开始喷施营养液的处理。扦插过程中所有处理的核酸含量均出现上升趋势,而喷施营养液的核酸含量在扦插后期与对照相比显著增加,这说明扦插时外源喷施营养液可促进菊花插穗叶片营养物质的积累,从而促进生根和提高扦插苗品质。