Naringin and vitamin E influence the oxidative stability and lipid profile of plasma in lambs fed fish oil

Thirty two Merino lambs (15 weeks old) fed barley straw and fish oil enriched concentrate were used to assess the effect of vitamin E (6 g kg⁻¹ DM) and naringin (1.5-3 g kg⁻¹ DM) on plasma lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total antioxidant status (TAS), immune response, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides. After 21 days feeding the experimental diets, lambs were subjected to a 4 h transportation stress period and then held 4 more hours without feed. TBARS values before stress were lower for animals consuming vitamine E and naringin when compared to control lambs (P < 0.05). However, after stress all groups presented similar levels of TBARS. TAS decreased (P < 0.05) in all groups in response to stress with values recovering (P < 0.05) to pre-stress values following 4 h of rest. A rise (P < 0.05) in serum concentrations of triacylglycerol following 21 d of fish oil supplementation was dampened in lambs consuming vitamin E or naringin. Both pre-stress TBARS and triacylglycerol-reducing effects of naringin added to fish oil enriched concentrate for fattening lambs are reported.     

Effect of extracts from heshiko , a fermented mackerel product, on cholesterol metabolism in Wistar rats

Heshiko extract was separated into peptide and amino acid fractions by ion-exchange column chromatography. Heshiko extract and these fractions were administered to rats in a diet enriched with lipid and cholesterol for 30 days. In the heshiko extract group, increase of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels in plasma and accumulation of total lipids in the liver were suppressed, while amounts of both lipid and cholesterol excreted to feces were increased. Administration of heshiko extract tended to increase fecal bile acids and promoted the activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of bile acid from cholesterol in the liver. However, activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis system in the liver, decreased due to regulation by the feedback of lipid transportation from diet to the liver. The same effect was observed in the peptide and free amino acid fraction groups. These data suggest that both excretion of cholesterol and bile acid to feces and promotion of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity are related to the hypocholesterolemic effects of heshiko extract and that both peptides and amino acids contribute to that effect.     

Comparison of palm and mixtures of refined palm and soybean oils on serum lipids and fecal fat and fatty acid excretions of adult humans

The effects of palm (P) and mixtures of palmand soybean (PS), palmolein and soybean (POS),palmstearin and soybean (PSS) oils on serum lipids andfecal fat and fatty acid excretions of humans werestudied. Each oil was the dominant fat in dietsconsumed by ten normolipidemic live-in individuals.Test diets were assigned by randomization. All fourdiets had a similar influence on total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (LDL), high densitylipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL), triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL). Fecalfat excretion was higher (1.81, 1.80 g/d) with PS andPSS and lower (1.78, 1.42 g/d) with P and POS diets.Excretions of palmitic (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1), andlinoleic (C18: 2) acids were similar for all diets.Excretions of stearic acid (C18: 0) were higher whenfeeding POS and PSS, and lower with feeding P and PS;the changes were statistically significant atp < 0.05. More linolenic acid (C18: 3) was excretedwhen P was fed compared to the feeding of PS, POS, andPSS. Changes in linolenic acid excretion between P andPOS were statistically significant at p < 0.05. It wasconcluded that there were no significant differencesin serum lipid concentrations due to feeding palm orany of the refined palm and soybean oil mixtures.However, a significant difference was found in C18: 0excretions with feeding POS and PSS compared to whenP and PS were fed. Similarly, significant C18: 3excretion was found with feeding P compared to whenPOS was fed.     

油脂对鸡蛋内容物含量影响的研究

为探讨不同油脂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋黄多不饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇含量的影响,160只42周龄的海塞克斯蛋鸡随机分成四组,分别饲喂对照日粮、5%鱼油、5%棕榈油和5%豆油日粮,试验三周。结果表明,棕榈油组的产蛋量比豆油组高(P<0.05),而对照组的平均蛋重和蛋黄重明显低于鱼油组(P<0.05),鱼油组鸡的总增重明显高于豆油组(P<0.05);鱼油组的血清和蛋黄的胆固醇含量都低于棕榈油和对照组(P<0.01);鱼油组蛋黄中的C20:5n-3含量明显高于对照组和豆油组(P<0.01),鱼油组蛋黄中的C22:6n-3含量高于棕榈油组(P<0.01);豆油组的C18:1n-9含量最低,与棕榈油组的相比,差异显著(P<0.05);豆油组的C18:2n-6含量明显高于其它三组(P<0.01),又以对照组最低,与鱼油组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);鱼油组的C18:3n-3含量高于豆油组和棕榈油组(P<0.05);鱼油组的C20:1n-9含量明显高于其它三组(P<0.01)。     

Dietary pea protein stimulates bile acid excretion and lowers hepatic cholesterol concentration in rats

It has been shown that some dietary plant proteins beneficially influence lipid metabolism in animals. The effect of pea protein in this respect however has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we studied the effect of purified pea protein on the lipid metabolism in rats. Twenty-four rats received diets with either 200 g/kg of casein or purified pea protein for 16 days. Concentrations of triacylglycerols in liver, plasma and lipoproteins did not differ between both groups of rats. However, rats fed the pea protein diet had a lower concentration of total cholesterol in the liver and the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) fraction than rats fed the casein diet (p < 0.05); cholesterol concentration in plasma, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) did not differ between both groups. Rats fed pea protein moreover had an increased mRNA concentration of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase in the liver and an increased amount of bile acids excreted via faeces compared with rats fed casein (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, mRNA concentrations of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 and its target genes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and LDL receptor in the liver were increased in rats fed pea protein (p < 0.05). The data of this study suggests that pea protein stimulates formation and excretion of bile acids, which leads to a reduced hepatic cholesterol concentration and a reduced secretion of cholesterol via VLDL. An increased gene expression of SREBP-2 and its target genes HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor may be a means to compensate for the increased loss of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis.     

Oxysterols downregulate tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase -1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of oxysterols on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS:Rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were culturedin vitroand incubated with cholesterol, Triol and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), respectively. Slot blot was used to detect the mRNA expression level of TIMP-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); meanwhile the protein expression level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was detected by immunohistology. RESULTS:Triol and 25-OH inhibited the expression of TIMP-1 compared with control and cholesterol, but have no effect on expression of MMP-9. CONCLUSION:Both Triol and 25-OH downregulated TIMP-1 expression in VSMCs.     

珊瑚状猴头菌多糖对大鼠肝抗氧化及代谢调节

探讨珊瑚状猴头菌多糖的抗氧化作用和对大鼠肝脏代谢的相关基因表达的影响。将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、多糖干预组和模型组。对照组喂饲基础饲料,多糖干预组（剂量1组、剂量2组）和模型组喂饲高胆固醇饲料,同时多糖干预组（剂量1组、剂量2组）给予多糖灌胃5周,5周后处死大鼠取肝脏。分别测定大鼠肝脏的丙二醛（MDA）含量,总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力。使用实时荧光定量PCR分别检测大鼠肝脏相关基因表达量：酰辅酶A：胆固醇酰基转移酶2（ACAT2）、卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）。与模型组比较：多糖剂量1组、剂量2组大鼠肝脏的MDA含量显著下降（P〈0．01）,T-SOD活力显著升高（P〈0．01）,GSH-Px活力显著升高（P〈0．01）,CAT活力显著提高（P〈0．01）;多糖剂量1组、多糖剂量2组大鼠肝脏的基因表达量ACAT2mRNA显著下降（P〈0．01）;LCATmRNA显著升高（P〈0．01）。珊瑚状猴头菌多糖具有显著的抗氧化作用,对大鼠肝脏的代谢具有调节作用。     

黄瓜CsSUN和CsLNG1调控果实大小的机理分析

对黄瓜Q30(CsSUN/CsLNG1)及以其为遗传背景的3个近等基因系材料,即Q30(CsSUN/CsLNG1)、QK1.2-S(Cssun/CsLNG1)、QK2.1-S(CsSUN/Cslng1)、QK1.2+2.1-S(Cssun/Cslng1)进行组织形态、内源激素和转录水平的分析结果表明:与QK1.2-S和QK2.1-S相比,Q30果实最为细长,茎粗最小,植株最高。在果实各发育期,Q30的细胞最小,而细胞密度最大。Q30在开花前6 d的BR/ABA及GA3/ABA显著低于3个近等基因系,随着果实发育差异逐渐缩小。各材料ZT/ABA和IAA/ABA在果实发育各时期基本无显著差异。开花前6d和开花当天Q30的CsSUN表达量均显著高于QK1.2-S和QK1.2+2.1-S,Cs LNG1表达量显著高于QK1.2-S,整体来看也高于QK1.2+2.1-S;与细胞膨胀相关的基因Csa1G422480 (木葡聚糖内转葡糖基酶基因)、 Csa6G014540 (扩张蛋白基因)、 BR生物合成基因Csa1G524640和GA3调节基因Csa3G872170的定量分析结果却相反,在子房期Q...     

黄鳝血清胆固醇含量与体长关系的研究

对32尾不同体长黄鳝血清中胆固醇含量进行测定,结果表明,黄鳝的体长(x)与血清胆固醇含量(y)之间存在极显著的直线关系,即y=6.059x+2.164,相关系数r=0.628 6。