对碘量法测定日粮、肠道食糜及排泄物中半胱胺盐酸盐含量的改进研究

试验旨在探讨碘量法测定日粮、食糜及排泄物中半胱胺盐酸盐(cysteamine hydrochloride,CSH)含量的改进方法,为评估包膜CSH在动物胃肠道内释放过程中CSH的定量提供参考。试验分3部分:试验一:检验包膜CSH的上样量对碘标准液消耗量的线性关系,以确定碘量法检验包膜产品的准确度,采用单因素完全随机设计,CSH的上样量设6个水平,分别为28.28、113.12、226.24、339.36、452.48和565.61mg;试验二:考察H2SO4预处理对消除日粮、食糜和排泄物对碘量法测定CSH含量的影响,采用单因素完全随机设计,日粮、十二指肠食糜、空肠食糜、回肠食糜及排泄物样品中CSH(试剂级)的含量均设3个水平,即30、100和300mg/2g,形成15个含有CSH的样品,H2SO4溶液(6mol/L)设3个水平,即0.1、0.5和1mL,每个处理设3个重复;试验三:考察传统碘量法与试验二建立的改进方法在测定日粮、食糜及排泄物中包膜CSH含量的差异,采用两样本试验设计,日粮、十二指肠食糜、空肠食糜、回肠食糜及排泄物中CSH的含量均设28.73、84.84、141.47和200.56mg/2g。结果表明:①CSH的上样量对碘标准液消耗量及CSH测定值均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.01,R2=0.9999)。②在含有CSH的日粮中,H2SO4溶液处理后由碘量法测定的CSH质量对实际质量的回归均符合Y=X(P>0.05)。在含有CSH的十二指肠食糜和回肠食糜中,所有H2SO4溶液处理下CSH质量对实际质量的回归均不符合Y=X(P<0.05),但0.5和1.0mL比0.1mL H2SO4溶液处理使测定值更接近实际值。在含有CSH的空肠食糜及排泄物中,0.5和1.0mL H2SO4溶液处理使测定值对实际值的回归符合Y=X(P>0.05),而0.1mL H2SO4溶液处理下CSH测定值显著低于实际值(P<0.01)。③在含有CSH的日粮、十二指肠食糜、空肠食糜、回肠食糜及排泄物样品中,常规方法测定的CSH对实际质量均偏离Y=X(P<0.05),而1.0mL H2SO4溶液处理后的测值对实际质量均符合Y=X(P>0.05)。由此可见,采用适量H2SO4溶液进行处理后,可以排除日粮、食糜及排泄物对CSH测定的干扰。     

Antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays on periodontal pathogens before and after loaded with minocycline hydrochloride

AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotube arrays on the early adhesion behavior of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) before and after loaded with minocycline hydrochloride (MN). METHODS:TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by ano-dization and loaded with MN. Titanium slices were divided into 3 groups according to different treatment methods:pure polishing titanium (Ti) group, TiO₂ nanotube titanium (TiO₂) group, and MN (120 μg) TiO₂ nanotube titanium (MN TiO₂) group. The antibacterial properties of the titanium tablets were evaluated by the bacteriostasis test.RESULTS:The Ti had no antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of TiO₂ to Aa, Pg and Tf was poor, with only about 20% of antibacterial rate after 4 h. After loaded with MN, its antibacterial activity was enhanced, and the antibacterial rate was up to 77% after 4 h.CONCLUSION:No antibacterial activity in the Ti group was observed. If TiO₂ nanotube arrays were formed on the surface and MN was loaded, the antibacterial activity on periodontal pathogens was stronger.     

HPLC-PDA方法同时检测黄连解毒散中非法添加的对乙酰氨基酚和盐酸溴己新

为同时检测黄连解毒散中非法添加的对乙酰氨基酚和盐酸溴己新,以十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,1%冰醋酸溶液(用三乙胺调剂p H值至4.0)为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,波长扫描范围为210~400 nm,柱温25℃,建立了HPLC-PAD检测方法,并采用峰纯度检查和光谱相似度检查辅助对照品比对方法,对非法添加药物进行确证。结果显示,对乙酰氨基酚和盐酸溴己新的回收率分别为98.6%和99.4%,RSD分别为0.6%和0.2%;线性方程分别为y=43408x-401.96,R2=1和y=14331x-1682.4,R2=1;检测限分别为1和5 mg/g;定量限分别为2和10 mg/g。本方法简洁、灵敏、可靠,可同时对黄连解毒散中非法添加的对乙酰氨基酚和盐酸溴己新违禁药物进行定性和定量检测。     

High frequency of plant regeneration from anther culture in flax, Linum usitatissimum L.

The effects of induction medium compositions on flax anther culture were investigated in order to improve the efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. Anthers were inoculated onto the modified MS medium supplemented with five different combinations of plant growth regulators. The medium containing the combination of 2mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced a significantly higher number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and a significant increase in overall efficiency of regeneration than the same basal medium containing 1 mg/1 a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/1 BAP (CK). Among the five levels of thiamin hydrochloride tested, the modified MS medium containing 10 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride significantly increased the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration compared with the same basal medium containing 0.1 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride. Maltose concentration had a significant effect on the percentage of anthers producing call, the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration. The medium containing 6% or 9% maltose produced the highest overall efficiency of regeneration among the five levels of maltose evaluated. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration, and dramatically affected the frequency of microspore-derived plants and the frequency of spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived plants. The efficiency of doubled haploid line production obtained in this study appears adequate for applied breeding programmes.     

国产盐酸沙拉沙星体外抑菌活性研究

采用微量稀释法,测定了国产盐酸沙拉沙星对９种１１８株畜禽常见病原微生物的体外抑制活性。该药物对被检７株支原体的作用较差,ＭＩＣ为３μｇ／ｍｌ,而对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性强,ＭＩＣ小于或等于０．５μｇ／ｍｌ,其中：对革兰氏阴性菌作用更强,除绿脓杆菌外,ＭＩＣ小于等于０．１２５μｇ／ｍｌ,盐酸沙拉沙星的ＭＩＣ（最低抑菌浓度）曲线与ＭＢＣ（最低杀菌浓度）曲线比较接近,表明该药物为一杀菌剂,     

盐酸半胱胺和二氢吡啶对奥利亚罗非鱼生长及相关激素水平、血液生化指标的影响

挑选大小相近的奥利亚罗非鱼270尾,随机分为3组,即对照组(基础日粮)、盐酸半胱胺(CHS)组(基础日粮 150 mg.kg-1CHS)、二氢吡啶(D il)组(基础日粮 100 mg.kg-1D il),试验期为32 d,分别于试验开始第1、15和32天测定体重、激素水平和生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,CHS组、D il组雄鱼日增重分别提高40.3%、18.1%(P<0.05),特定生长率提高32.8%、16.7%(P<0.05),血中GH水平提高33.0%、11.6%,T3水平提高28.5%、40.4%,睾酮水平提高35.3%、28.7%;雌鱼日增重分别提高15.5%、25.7%,特定生长率提高8.7%、16.7%,GH水平提高34.4%、10.9%,T3水平提高28.1%、46.5%,睾酮水平提高35.3%、28.7%。CHS组和D il组雌、雄鱼脲氮水平明显下降(P<0.05);血清及肝脏抗氧化能力显著增强(P<0.05)。结果提示:CHS和D il均可促进奥利亚罗非鱼的生长,CHS对雄鱼促生长作用较强,D il对雌、雄鱼的促生长作用相似。     

季也蒙毕赤酵母合成碳点检测四环素

为了探究碳点(CDs)在生物传感方面的应用,以季也蒙毕赤酵母菌(Meyerozyma guilliermondii PG-1)为原料,通过一步水热合成法成功制备了水溶性良好、光学性质稳定的蓝色荧光碳点,并通过透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线电子衍射和荧光光谱等方法对CDs进行表征。获得的CDs近似圆形,尺寸在11 nm左右,表面含有大量亲水性官能团,432 nm处有最强的发射光谱。进一步将CDs用于水中微量盐酸四环素(TC)的检测。结果显示,基于静态猝灭和内滤效应,TC能够快速猝灭碳点荧光,荧光猝灭效率在0.02～0.18 g·L^-1浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,表明碳点作为荧光探针检测TC的潜在应用前景。     

不同水温下盐酸氯苯胍在斑点叉尾鮰血浆的药代动力学研究

研究不同水温(18、28 ℃)条件下盐酸氯苯胍(robenidine hydrochloride,ROBH)在斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)血浆的药代动力学特征。以20 mg·kg^-1体质量剂量的盐酸氯苯胍单次口灌斑点叉尾鮰,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中盐酸氯苯胍的浓度,内标法定量,并采用3p97药代动力学软件计算药代动力学参数、开展模型分析。结果表明,在不同水温条件下盐酸氯苯胍在斑点叉尾鮰血浆的药时曲线均符合二室模型特征,动力学方程分别为C_{18 ℃}=4.17e^-0.01t+2.48e^-0.008t-6.65e^-0.05t和C_{28 ℃}=7.69e^-0.02t+0.13e^-0.01t+-7.82e^-0.27t。血浆中盐酸氯苯胍达峰时间T_peak 分别为42.36和10.03 h,峰浓度值C_max分别为3.51和5.76 μg·mL^-1,表观分布容积V/F(c)分别为3.79和2.78 L·kg^-1,分布相的一级速率常数α分别为0.248和0.222 h^-1,消除相的一级速率常数β分别为0.006和0.007 h^-1,吸收半衰期T_1/2(ka)分别为14.67和2.54 h,消除半衰期T_1/2(β) 分别为85.52和58.63 h,中央室向周边室转运的一级速率常数K₁₂分别为0.000 2和0.000 2 h^-1,周边室向中央室转运的一级速率常数K₂₁分别为0.009和0.01 h^-1,药-时曲线下面积分别为554.18和326.74 μg·mL^-1·h^-1。研究结果表明,盐酸氯苯胍在斑点叉尾鮰体血浆的吸收、分布和消除受水温的影响显著,高水温条件下盐酸氯苯胍的达峰时间短,峰浓度值约是低水温时的2倍,水温对血药曲线下面积的影响较大,对肾清除率影响不大。研究结果为盐酸氯苯胍在斑点叉尾鮰养殖过程中不同季节的合理使用提供一定理论依据。     

Sea lamprey avoid areas scented with conspecific tissue extract in Michigan streams

Three in‐stream experiments were conducted to determine whether sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., tissue extract (alarm cue) and 2‐phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PEA HCl, a putative predator cue) influenced the distribution of migrating adult sea lamprey. Experiments evaluated sea lamprey movement when an odour was applied to (1) a tributary of a larger stream; and (2) half of a stream channel. Fewer sea lamprey entered the tributary and side of the river scented with sea lamprey tissue extract compared to the control treatment. Sea lamprey did not avoid the tributary and side of the river scented with PEA HCl. A final laboratory experiment found no difference in the avoidance response of sea lamprey to PEA HCl mixed with river water vs PEA HCl mixed with water from Lake Huron. As such, the lack of sea lamprey response to PEA HCl in the stream was unlikely to have been caused by the presence of the river water. Rather, the difference between laboratory and field results may be attributed to the complexity of the physical environment.     

盐酸贝那普利咀嚼片在犬体内的生物等效性研究

为研究国产和进口盐酸贝那普利片在犬体内的药代动力学和生物等效性,将20只健康比格犬随机分成2组,采用双周期交叉试验设计,按0.5 mg/kg体重分别单剂量口服受试产品和参比产品。采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定血浆中盐酸贝那普利及贝那普利拉的浓度,利用WinNonlin5.2.1软件计算主要药动学参数,并评价两种产品的生物等效性。结果显示,受试产品和参比产品中盐酸贝那普利Tmax分别为（0.85±0.36）h和（0.98±0.40）h;Cmax分别为（65.85±31.14）ng?mL-1和（52.02±25.79）ng?mL-1;AUC0-t分别为（46.98±29.77）h?ng?mL-1和（40.54±20.76）h?ng?mL-1;AUC0-∞分别为（48.28±30.05）h?ng?mL-1和（41.54±20.85）h?ng?mL-1;受试产品和参比产品的贝那普利拉Tmax分别为（1.78±0.55）h和（1.90±0.72）h;Cmax分别为（63.05±28.44）ng?mL-1和（55.29±36.01）ng?mL-1;AUC0-t分别为（249.09±87.90）h?ng?mL-1和（212.50±90.03）h?ng?mL-1;AUC0-∞分别为（274.15±93.86）h?ng?mL-1和（264.42±161.86）h?ng?mL-1。受试产品和参比产品的Tmax、Cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。双单侧t检验及90%置信区间结果均提示两种制剂生物等效,临床上可相互替代。该试验为兽医临床安全使用该药提供科学的依据。