臭椿花叶病病原病毒的研究

从出现花叶症状的臭椿上分离到一种线条状病毒,经过生物学特性、病毒粒体形态、血清学及超薄切片等方面的研究,确定为马铃薯Y病毒组病毒。     

Nutrient composition of the leaf biomass of three selected woody leguminous species

In order to assess the value of leaf biomass the foliar nutrient content of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla was studied under field conditions. In total 5 series of leaf samples were collected and analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content over a period of 42 months of growth observation. Results are compared with mean values derived from a literature study. Factors contributing to the variation observed are discussed and suggestions towards variation control are made.     

Leaf-fall phenology along a topography-mediated environmental gradient in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan

Leaf-fall phenology was studied in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in central Japan in relation to the topographic environmental gradients that occur along a short mountain slope. Leaf-fall phenology was described quantitatively using data from leaf litter collected along the slope. In autumn, leaf fall at the study site tended to occur slightly earlier on the upper slope than on the lower slope. This pattern was found at both the stand and the species levels. Our results suggest that leaf-fall phenology may be affected by difference in microclimatic conditions, because environmental conditions are thought to be more severe on the upper slope than on the lower slope. The less intensive methods used in this study, the litter trap method, and Dixon’s model succeeded in quantifying the phenological patterns of leaf fall within stands and within species along the short mountain slope.     

The severity and cause of leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. and fungicidal control of the pathogen

A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute （BFRI） and Aronnak Nursery in Chittagong. The highest infection percentage and disease index were found in IFESCU nursery, followed by BFRI and the lowest was recorded in Aronnak nursery. The associated organism of leaf spot disease of P. pinnata was isolated from the diseased plant parts and the pathogenicity was established with the isolated fungus. Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz was proved to be pathogenic. The inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed and identified as suitable fungicides （Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45） and doses （0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00）. The lowest and highest mycelial growth were respectively found on Bavistin and on Cupravite at the concentration of 0.05 after 8th day of incubation. It indicates that out of the three tested fungicides, Bavistin showed most effective, followed by Diathane M-45, and Cupravite was ineffective for its very little inhibition on mycelial growth.     

Crown characteristics of juvenile loblolly pine 6 years after application of thinning and fertilization

Total foliage dry mass and leaf area at the canopy hierarchical level of needle, shoot, branch and crown were measured in 48 trees harvested from a 14-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, six growing seasons after thinning and fertilization treatments.

In the unthinned treatment, upper crown needles were heavier and had more leaf area than lower crown needles. Branch- and crown-level leaf area of the thinned trees increased 91 and 109%, respectively, and whole-crown foliage biomass doubled. The increased crown leaf area was a result of more live branches and foliated shoots and larger branch sizes in the thinned treatment. Branch leaf area increased with increasing crown depth from the top to the mid-crown and decreased towards the base of the crown. Thinning stimulated foliage growth chiefly in the lower crown. At the same crown depth in the lower crown, branch leaf area was greater in the thinned treatment than in the unthinned treatment. Maximum leaf area per branch was located nearly 3–4 m below the top of the crown in the unthinned treatment and 4–5 m in the thinned treatment. Leaf area of the thinned-treatment trees increased 70% in the upper crown and 130% in the lower crown. Fertilization enhanced needle size and leaf area in the upper crown, but had no effect on leaf area and other variables at the shoot, branch and crown level. We conclude that the thinning-induced increase in light penetration within the canopy leads to increased branch size and crown leaf area. However, the branch and crown attributes have little response to fertilization and its interaction with thinning.     

1-MCP结合低温通过调控脆性、叶绿素降解缓解叶类蔬菜采后衰老

为探究1-MCP结合低温通过调控影响品质变化的相关酶来缓解叶类蔬菜采后软化与黄化。分析4 ℃及4、6 μL/L 1-MCP+ 4 　℃复合处理2种叶菜（生菜和瓢儿菜）后,其失水率、膜透性（电导率、丙二醛（MDA）、脆性［脆性、β-半乳糖苷酶（β-GAL）酶活性］、黄化程度［叶绿素、叶绿素酶（CLH）酶含量、脱镁叶绿素酶（PPH）酶含量］的变化。结果表明：常温下2种叶菜贮藏4 d后严重萎蔫失去商业价值,1-MCP+4 　℃保鲜处理后能贮藏至12 d,1-MCP+4 　℃复合处理能有效地降低叶类蔬菜水分散失程度、缓解电导率和MDA升高、缓解叶片脆度降低和叶绿素降解,其中6 μL/L 1-MCP+4 　℃复合处理效果最为理想。6 μL/L 1-MCP+4 　℃复合处理12 d时生菜、瓢儿菜的脆性下降率（14.48%、28.12%）均比对照组4 d时（82.89%、80.12%）低,其β-GAL酶活性分别为15.01 nmol/（min·g）、19.53 nmol/（min·g）,分别上升41.86%、12.74%,而对照组仅4 d就上升2倍左右。贮藏12 d时,6 μL/L 1-MCP+4 　℃复合处理两种叶菜叶绿素含量降解率（23.45%、30.13%）低于第4天时对照组（65.76%、72.37%）。相关的酶活含量数据也正好对应,6 μL/L 1-MCP+4 　℃复合处理生菜贮藏12 d后其CLH、PPH酶含量分别降低42.33%、67.11%,常温贮藏4 d后其CLH、PPH酶含量分别降低55.99%、74.50%。6 μL/L 1-MCP+4 　℃复合处理瓢儿菜后其CLH、PPH酶含量分别降低44.93%、51.49%,常温贮藏4 d后其CLH、PPH酶活则降低53.03%、52.04%。6 μL/L 1-MCP+4 　℃通过有效调控β-GAL酶活性从而延缓叶菜软化的速度,通过影响CLH和PPH酶含量而缓解叶绿素降解,这为探索叶类蔬菜的保鲜机制,进一步利用采后处理技术延长叶类蔬菜贮藏期提供理论依据。     

草莓种子实生苗的病毒分子检测

草莓易感染病毒,从而导致产量减少和品质下降。目前生产上主要采用茎尖组织培养脱毒的方法,并不能保证完全脱除病毒,还需要进行无病毒检测鉴定。因此,需进一步探索简便、高效、免检的脱毒体系。利用RT-PCR技术,以草莓肌动蛋白基因序列为内标,结合4种草莓病毒特异性扩增,验证了草莓种子实生苗不携带病毒。旨在助推种子繁殖型草莓品种的应用。     

喷施赤霉素对骏枣叶片发育及产量品质的影响

以明确骏枣花期喷施不同质量浓度赤霉素对内源GA₃含量、光合效率及品质产量的影响为目的,以骏枣为材料,于骏枣盛花期叶面喷施外源赤霉素,处理质量浓度分别为0 mg/L（CK）、10 mg/L、20 mg/L、40 mg/L、60 mg/L、80 mg/L,测定骏枣叶片相关指标及光合作用,检测果实缓慢生长期、迅速生长期、白熟期、转色期和红熟期果实内源GA₃含量;在红熟期调查骏枣品质产量相关指标。结果表明：喷施不同质量浓度赤霉素后骏枣叶片光合作用表现为低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制,其中处理40 mg/L对叶片光合作用的促进最显著;随着枣果发育,幼果期内源GA₃含量显著上升,果实缓慢生长期内源GA₃含量快速下降,赤霉素处理显著提高了果实内源GA₃含量,全红期果实中处理较对照的内源GA₃含量提高了0.011~0.031 mg/kg。品质方面,低质量浓度处理与对照相比单果质量和产量有所增加,果形指数和果柄耐拉力差异不明显;随着处理质量浓度的增加,全红期枣果可溶性糖、总酸含量先升高后降低,蛋白质含量先降低后升高,纤维素含量逐渐下降后上升。喷施赤霉素能明显提高骏枣果实质量和叶片光合效率,因此在新疆地区骏枣以高产优质为目标建议喷施40 mg/L赤霉素。     

Infection dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs using two novel simulated-natural inoculation methods

In order to characterize foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection dynamics in pigs, two simulated-natural inoculation systems were developed and evaluated. Intra-oropharyngeal (IOP) and intra-nasopharyngeal (INP) inoculation both enabled precise control of dose and timing of inoculation while simulating field exposure conditions.