Analysis on Variation of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content and Carbon Storage in the Oasis Cotton Field of Manas River Valley

[目的]为了对绿洲棉田土壤有机碳、全氮的分布状况进行研究。[方法]以天山北坡玛纳斯河流域绿洲棉田为研究区,以弃耕地为对照,采用地统计学方法,研究连续23年种植棉花地的土壤0～30、30～60和60～100 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮的分布特征。[结果]玛纳斯河流域绿洲棉田土壤有机碳、全氮含量呈垂直分布,且随着土壤深度的增加而降低,并且0～30 cm土层明显高于30 cm以下土层,土壤有机碳储量呈现增加的趋势;弃耕地土壤有机碳、全氮亦呈垂直分布,且随着土壤深度的增加而含量降低,有机碳含量差异明显,并且弃耕地土壤有机碳含量呈逐月下降趋势,而棉田土壤有机碳储量变化呈先减少后增加,即棉花生长初期,0～30和30～100 cm土层有机碳储量降低,到花期最低;而随着棉花进入生殖生长后期,有机碳储量呈现增加趋势;弃耕地有机碳储量因没有植株凋落物的输入而呈现逐月降低的趋势,二者有机碳含量差异明显。[结论]绿洲棉田土壤有机碳、全氮含量明显高于弃耕地,土壤有机碳储量呈现增加的趋势,且主要发生在0~30 cm土层,在30～100 cm土层中有机碳、全氮含量变化差异不大。     

不同肥水处理对度尾文旦柚裂果及产量品质的影响

以度尾文旦柚为试材,通过不同肥料及水分处理,研究肥水对度尾文旦柚裂果及产量品质的影响.结果表明：每株年施腐熟禽粪肥25kg、草木灰7kg、氮磷钾复合肥4kg、尿素1kg、硝酸钙0.75kg、硫酸镁0.1kg、硫酸锌0.1kg,在果实生长期田间持水量控制在65% ～75%, 能使度尾文旦柚裂果率降幅达42.5% ～52.2%;合理的肥水管理也有利于改善土壤理化性状,提高文旦柚的产量和果实品质.     

Diversity of Antioxidant Content and Its Relationship to Grain Color and Morphological Characteristics in Winter Wheat Grains

The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.     

Effects of Powdery Mildew on 1000-Kernel Weight,Crude Protein Content and Yield of Winter Wheat in Three Consecutive Growing Seasons

In order to clarify the impact posed by wheat powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici） on the yield and yield components in different epidemic seasons, field trials were conducted in three growing seasons, 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, in Langfang City, Hebei Province, China. The relationships between 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield and disease index （DI）, as well as area under disease progress curve （AUDPC） were studied. The models of the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content and yield were constructed using DI at critical point （CP） of growth stages （GS） and AUDPC in the three growing seasons, respectively. The CPs for estimating 1 000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield of wheat caused by powdery mildew were GS 11.1, GS 10.5.3 and GS l 0.5.3, respectively. Models based on DI at CP to estimate the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield were better than models based on AUDPC. And models of the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content and yield for 2011-2012 season were significant different from these for 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons. These results indicated that besides powdery mildew, weather conditions also had influence on 1 000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield loss of wheat when powdery mildew occurred.     

石油胁迫下混播对玉米幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

[目的]为混播种植方式在提高玉米幼苗光合能力以及油污土壤生物修复中的应用提供科学依据。[方法]在人工模拟石油污染土壤条件下,采用盆栽方法探讨石油胁迫下混播对玉米幼苗叶绿素含量的影响。[结果]石油污染对玉米幼苗叶绿素的形成有抑制作用;无论在常规还是在石油污染的备件下,不同品种玉米与大豆混播值均高于相应品种玉米单播值。[结论]混播对土壤石油污染表现出一定的耐受性,在玉米增产和油污土壤植物修复方面能够起一定的指导作用。     

基于化学蚀变指数的湟水河流域化学风化分析

以青海省湟水河表层沉积物为研究对象,选取该河流沉积物常量元素含量、CIA风化程度指数,通过与大陆壳表层、黄土相关元素的对比,分析了湟水河流域地表化学风化程度.结果表明,湟水河沉积物富Ca、m,而K在全流域含量变化小,与大陆壳表层含量基本一致,表明湟水河流域地表物质化学风化程度低,处于饱和硅铝阶段早期（即脱Ca、Na阶段）,地表的物理风化强于化学风化;CIA值大致反映了化学风化的程度,在中游段CIA低,上游和下游段CIA较高,具有相对稍强的化学风化过程.     

不同含油量油菜品种LECl基因表达研究

[目的]揭示不同含油量油莱品种LECl基因的遗传多样性。[方法]测定不同含油量品种不同发育时期LECl基因的表达量及含油量。[结果]甘蓝型油菜LECl基因与含油量密切相关,其相对表达量在花期和角果期均与含油量呈显著正相关,且花期的相关系数大于角果期相关系数。[结论]该研究为选育高含油量油菜品种提供理论依据。     

SH9在线高速膨胀系统进料含水率对烟丝综合质量的影响

[目的]研究SH9进料含水率对干燥后烟丝综合质量的影响.[方法]研究了SH9在线高速膨胀系统对烟丝进行干燥时不同进料含水率条件下烟丝综合质量变化情况.[结果]研究显示,不同的进料含水率对烟丝、填充值以及感官质量均有较显著影响,对整丝率、碎丝率影响不显著.[结论]研究可为卷烟企业在用SH9在线高速膨胀系统对烟草加工时选择合适的控制参数提供依据.     

响应面法优化甘麦大枣汤的提取工艺

[目的]优化甘麦大枣汤的提取工艺。[方法]选择溶媒用量、浸泡时间、煎煮时间、提取温度4个影响中药提取率的因素进行单因素试验,在此基础上选取料液比、提取时间和提取温度3个主要因素进行响应面分析,得出最佳工艺条件。[结果]该研究确定的最佳提取条件为料液比15.79∶1、提取时间80 min、提取温度60℃,预测黄酮提取率最大,为0.108 5%。[结论]该研究理论值与实测值相吻合,所确定的工艺条件可以指导甘麦大枣汤的提取。     

沼渣、沼液的养分含量及安全性研究

[目的]研究供试沼渣、沼液的养分含量及安全性。[方法]通过检测正常使用中的大型沼气工程产生的沼渣、沼液,根据相关国家标准进行对比分析,进而得出沼渣、沼液的养分情况和安全情况。[结果]沼渣的有机质含量超过国家有机肥标准,总养分基本达到国家制定的指标,沼液有机质含量和总养分低于国家有机肥标准,沼液、沼渣适宜与其他营养元素混合施用。供试沼渣和沼液中重金属含量低于国家复合肥标准,是可以用于农事生产的安全养分供应来源。供试沼渣和沼液中血吸虫、钩虫卵和寄生虫卵为零,表明沼气工程发酵过程能够杀灭有害虫卵。[结论]该研究可为沼渣、沼液应用于农业生产提供理论基础。