Immunohistochemical study on changes in gill Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit during smoltification in the wild masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Changes in immunoreactivity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase -subunit in gill sections of wild masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) during the parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) were compared with changes in gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase specific activity. Gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase specific activity increased from April and peaked in May. Immunohistochemical analysis, using an antiserum against a synthetic oligopeptide based on the conserved region of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase -subunit, revealed that immunoreactivity was confined to chloride cells in the surface layer of primary lamellae and the proximal end of secondary lamellae. The size and number of these cells increased gradually from February to May; however, the number of chloride cells of the secondary lamellae decreased in May. These data suggest that the synthesis of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and the proliferation of chloride cells occur prior to the elevation of enzyme activity. Moreover, it is likely the proliferation and hypertrophy of chloride cells on primary lamellae prepare smolts for entry into seawater and migration in the ocean.     

Effects of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Diets were formulated to contain 40% crude protein from solvent-extracted menhaden fish meal and 0, 7, 14 or 21% lipid from menhaden fish oil. The basal diet, without supplemental fish oil, contained lipid at 0.4% of dry weight. The diets were fed to groups of 25 juvenile red drum initially averaging 7.3 ± 0.18 g fish^–1 in a recirculating culture system for 8 weeks and weight gain was recorded. After an additional 8 weeks, 16 fish from each treatment were sacrificed and the following measurements were recorded: hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, and liver -tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and cytochrome P-4501A activity (measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity). The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and concentrations of -tocopherol also were measured in plasma.Weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary lipid concentration, with values ranging from 361% of initial weight for fish fed the basal diet to 527% of initial weight for fish fed the diet containing 7% lipid. The HSI and IPF ratio values also were significantly affected by lipid with the lowest values recorded for fish fed the basal diet and the highest values observed in fish fed the diet containing 21% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid significantly increased oxidative stress as reflected in reduced -tocopherol in liver and plasma and increased MDA formation in the liver, although no overt pathological signs were observed. These findings suggest that lipid concentrations between 7 and 14%, when the diet contains 60 IU vitamin E kg^–1, are likely to limit oxidative stress and result in normal physiological responses of red drum.     

花生籽仁蔗糖含量多世代联合群体主基因+多基因遗传模型分析

花生是重要的油料和经济作物,在世界范围内广泛种植.甜味是与花生口感及风味高度相关的遗传性状,花生的甜味主要来源于花生籽仁中的蔗糖,蔗糖含量达到6％以上时,其口感及风味较好.因此,提高花生籽仁的蔗糖含量是改善花生口感及风味的关键因素之一.但迄今为止,对花生籽仁蔗糖含量的遗传分析未见报道.本研究以2组高、低花生籽仁蔗糖含量...     

西瓜可溶性固形物含量近红外透射检测技术

设计的近红外透射式西瓜可溶性固形物含量（SSC）检测系统主要包括光纤光谱仪、光纤透射附件、数据采集卡以及自制光源。对50个麒麟瓜SSC进行了预测试验,采用主成分回归和偏最小二乘回归法分别建立了样品的原始光谱、一阶微分光谱、二阶微分光谱和SSC的预测模型,结果表明偏最小二乘回归法建立的模型具有较高的相关性,相关系数为0．951,均方根校正误差0．347,均方根预测误差0．302,样本真实值与预测值的相关系数为0．910。     

低硝酸盐含量萝卜的筛选

对萝卜4个雄性不育系杂交组合和10个商品种的F1代及F2代进行硝酸盐含量测定分析。结果表明,萝卜雄性不育系杂交组合F1代与其母本雄性不育系的硝酸盐含量范围相近,说明母本雄性不育系对F1代的硝酸盐含量有决定作用。10个商品种F1代的硝酸盐含量均较高,且品种间差异显著;其F2代产生剧烈分离,变异系数为11．46％-44．23％,品系内硝酸盐含量的变化范围也随之扩大,出现了F1代品种内没有的低硝酸盐含量和高硝酸盐含量单株。显示出利用F1代自交分离筛选低硝酸盐含量萝卜株系的可行性。     

补灌水平对宁南山区露地青花菜产量、品质及耕层水分动态的影响

为探究宁夏南部山区自然降水条件下露地青花菜的最佳补灌灌溉方案,采用大田田间对比试验,设置5个补灌水平,在宁夏原州区冷凉蔬菜基地开展补灌水平对土壤水分分布、青花菜产量、品质、水分利用效率的试验研究.结果表明,青花菜全生育期自然降雨主要集中在7月份,且占全生育期降雨量的78.49％,此月份无需补灌即可满足生育后期对水分的需...     

核桃壳液化及其与甲醛反应能力的研究

本文探讨了核桃壳在120℃、液比为3/1和催化剂(浓硫酸,用量为苯酚的3%)条件下液化,通过液化体系内游离苯酚和残渣含量的分析以及液化体系与甲醛反应能力的分析发现:核桃壳的酚解和酚化反应主要发生在反应初期,后期逐渐减弱;液化体系内总的活性量由两部分组成,一是液化体系内游离苯酚贡献的活性量,二是体系内液化产物贡献的活性量;随着反应时间的进行,游离苯酚折算的耗醛量逐渐减少,液化产物的耗醛量逐渐增加,而总的液化体系中消耗甲醛的能力在逐渐的减弱。     

2006年特大干旱条件下森林植被对土壤水分的影响

2006年四川发生了百年一遇的特大干旱。于旱期结束末,调查了蓬安县境内两座丘陵-石马寨(栎柏混交林)和碉堡梁(人工柏木林)上、中、下坡林地和林带中耕地及坡脚农田的土壤含水量;调查了四川盆地丘陵区内5个县9个乡镇17个小流域有无农田防护林条件下,稻田开裂起始时间和裂缝宽;以及按照自然地理条件相近、森林覆盖率有较大差异的原则,调查了宣汉县和达县5对乡镇(森林覆盖率高的乡镇森林覆盖率为28.26%～46.85%,平均为37.24%,相对应的低的乡镇森林覆盖率为12.75%～26.74%,平均为18.64%)内不同台地的土壤含水量。结果表明,混交林林地的保水能力强于纯林林地,林地的保水能力强于耕地,农田防护林对水稻具有庇护作用,森林覆盖率高的地区土壤保水能力强于森林覆盖率低的地区土壤。在干旱期末坡上、中、下部位的0～40 cm土层中,栎柏混交林林地的含水量比柏木纯林林地高出3%～7%,林地的土壤含水量比林带中的耕地高出0.7%～2.1%;栎柏混交林带中的耕地含水量比柏木纯林带中的耕地高出3%～6%,石马寨的坡脚农田含水量比碉堡梁的高出5%;在干旱期末不同台地0～40 cm土层中,与森林覆盖率低的地区相比,森林覆盖率高的地区水稻田含水量高3%～7%,二台土高4%～8%,三台土高2%～8%;有农田防护林的农田土壤开裂时间比无农田防护林的推迟5 d～20 d,裂口宽平均窄0.1 cm～3.1 cm。     

黄河源区建植19年人工草地生物结皮CO2通量与叶绿素荧光参数的变化

为了解黄河源人工草地不同类型生物结皮和植被群落CO2释放和固定的变化特征,并探讨二者的影响因子,本文通过调查黄河源建植19年人工草地不同类型生物结皮CO2通量和植被土壤特征变化发现:藻和地衣结皮CO2通量均显著小于苔藓结皮(10.58μmol·m-2·s-1)(P<0.05);苔藓结皮对应的植被群落CO2通量(11.5...     

Improvement in winter wheat productivity through regulating PSⅡ photochemistry,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under deficit irrigation conditions

Deficit irrigation is critical to global food production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with low precipitation. Given water shortage has threatened agricultural sustainability under the dry-land farming system in China, there is an urgent need to develop effective water-saving technologies. We carried out a field study under two cultivation techniques:(1) the ridge and furrow cultivation model(R); and(2) the conventional flat farming model(F), and three simulated precipitation level...