关于土壤系统分类中一些诊断层的鉴别

本文对中国土壤系统分类中的黏化层、雏形层、铁铝层和低活性富铁层的鉴别作进一步讨论。     

榆林市黄河沿岸土石山区枣树育苗技术

结合黄河沿岸土石山区干旱缺水,土壤贫瘠特点和育苗地缺乏的实际,总结了该区域比较适应的归圃育苗和根孽育苗两种育苗技术,主要包括苗圃地选择、育苗方法、苗木等级分类及起苗、包装、调运等关键技术。     

挖坑机造林使用效果分析

分析了BFW490型背负式挖坑机在福建省三明市梅列区陈大镇林场挖坑造林的使用效果。结果表明：利用挖坑机造林能够大幅度提高工作效率,当挖坑直径为200mm（以下简称1200）和300ram（以下简称1300）时的工效分别是人工挖坑处理（以下简称CKJL）的5．40倍和4．78倍。每667m^2（亩）植树造林单挖坑环节1200、J300处理比CKR分别节省1．38和1．36工日;投入成本j200、j300仅为CKR的40．4％和44．4％,72004300可以减少投入成本55．75元和52．01元。不同处理造林10年生生长量存在差异,挖坑采用j200、j300处理与CKR处理相比平均胸径分别提高了2．4％和4．8％;平均树高分别提高了3．8％和1．3％;蓄积量都提高了12．9％。在闽西北山地使用挖坑机造林是一条切实可行的造林新途径。     

土壤耕深对寒地山药生长发育及商品性状的影响

土壤耕作深度对山药的块根的生长存在着显著的影响,因此它直接影响着产品的商品率。商品性状主要是指商品块根的长度、粗度、形状、表面是否光滑、有无瘤状凸起等。试验通过对土壤不同耕作深度的处理,研究探索黑龙江高寒地区土壤耕作深度对寒地山药商品性状的影响,提高寒地山药的商品率和经济效益,为优质、高产栽培提供科学依据。试验表明：垄体深耕作有利于地下部块根的延长生长、加粗生长,能够显著提高山药的商品率和经济效益,土壤耕作深度以100cm以上为宜。     

中国森林公园旅游发展效率的比较与分析

借助数据包络分析方法(DEA),利用2003-2008年的数据,对我国森林公园发展效率进行研究,为我国森林公园旅游资源的优化配置和运行效率的提高提供参考依据.测算技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率以及Malmquist全要素生产率(TFP),比较中国31个省区间和东、中、西三大区域间的效率及TFP增长率.结果显示:省区间比较,上海、浙江等地区的效率最高,贵州、山西等地区的TFP增长率最高;三大区域间比较,东部地区的效率最高,中部地区的TFP增长率最大,西部地区的效率和TFP增长率都最低.最后,从要素投入、旅游吸引力、地方经济发展水平等几个方面对影响效率大小及其差异的原因进行理论上的探讨,提出继续加大对中西部地区资金扶持、对森林公园进行技术指导和人员培训等提高效率的对策.     

An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents

6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

Removing an exotic shrub from riparian forests increases butterfly abundance and diversity

Invasive plants are one of the greatest threats to endangered insect species and a major threat to Lepidoptera in eastern North America. We investigated the effects of the invasive shrub Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and two methods (mulching or hand-felling) of removing it from riparian forests on butterfly communities and compared them to untreated, heavily invaded control plots and to “desired future condition” forests that never had extensive privet cover. Privet mulching resulted in nearly twice as many butterflies as privet felling and both treatments had more butterflies two years after privet removal than untreated control plots. Butterfly communities on control plots differed from those on the two treatments and the desired future condition forests. A number of forest characteristics were evaluated but only herbaceous plant cover (excluding privet) was positively correlated with butterfly abundance, diversity and evenness. The Carolina satyr, Hermeuptychia sosybius, was the best indicator of forests where privet had never invaded. Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests in the southeastern United States greatly improved forest habitats for butterflies and evidence suggests that butterfly communities in other temperate forests could benefit from removal of extensive shrub layers dominated by a single species.     

中国古典园林设计手法在现代园林中的应用

以中国古典园林的分类为基点,分析古典园林的特点,总结了中国古典园林的设计手法,提出将其造园手法运用于现代园林的方法和措施,为我国现代园林设计提供一定的理论帮助和参考依据.     

彼子和榧实原植物的本草考证——兼与陈重明先生等商榷

中国唐代以来的多数本草著作,均认定《神农本草经》中的彼子和《名医别录》中的榧实,与《唐本草》中的榧子为同物。现代中药学论著考订其原植物为今红豆杉科榧树（榧子）Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl.。殊误。经全面考证后确认,彼子是今三尖杉科三尖杉属Cephalotaxus Sieb.et Zucc.植物,榧实是红豆杉科红豆杉属Taxus L.植物,后世本草中的榧子与它们并非同物。